Llegó septiembre, y junto con él (y la primavera) el «Mes de la Patria» y toda la parafernalia patriotera chauvinista que la rodea, comenzando por la explosión de ese nacionalismo de fonda, que poco tiene que ver con un auténtico sentido nacional como expresión de pertenencia a una comunidad nacional, la chilena, en este caso, ya con dos centurias sobre su espalda.
Edison Ortiz
La ya la controvertida fecha de conmemoración –un acto de lealtad a Fernando VII– que nuestra oligarquía usa como fecha de celebración, aporta señales inequívocas sobre nuestro confuso proceso de construcción de identidad nacional. La cueca, donde el varón persigue a una china sin tomarla nunca; más el rodeo, un deporte que no lo es, en que el protagonista da giros, sin tampoco llegar a ningún lugar, complementan perfectamente esa ambigüedad.
Como se sabe, la Declaración de Independencia fue más tarde y de autoría de Bernardo O’Higgins, a quien la cofradía pelucona de la emancipación jamás le perdonó sus postulados meritocráticos. Tampoco aprobaron el sacrilegio del director supremo –lo apodaban también “el huacho Riquelme”– de abolir sus títulos de nobleza, menos aún soportar sus rasgos bonapartistas.
El conmemorar como día de la Independencia una fecha que no fue, da cuenta del particular sentido de construcción del patriotismo en Chile. Al festejo también sumamos el día después, el 19, el de “las glorias” de un Ejército que en su historia se ha dedicado más bien a defender intereses extranjeros –británicos primero y luego norteamericanos–. También, un Ejército que intentó eliminar a un “enemigo interno”, sea en su versión liberal, federalista, de “bajo pueblo”, frentista popular, “upeliento” o “humanoide”, en la adaptación ochentera de los martes de Merino, y que hoy está dedicado a desfalcar al Estado. Todo esto suma el complemento perfecto para nuestra confusión.
Principal resabio de esa concepción dieciochesca, construida desde la historia, del ser “chilen@s”, son las vagas y débiles ideas sobre el concepto de nación, un confuso y pobre relato, de nuestras elites, sobre el patriotismo y la exaltación, como consecuencia de lo anterior: del mito guerrero. Ideas fáciles de calar en un pueblo esquilmado hasta la saciedad, sin historia y con una oligarquía que siempre se ha reconocido en modelos europeos, carente de identidad propia. Ayer, los ingleses de América del Sur; hoy, los leones de Sanhattan. Más allá de los errores de la Convención, la campaña del Rechazo hizo martingala de los prejuicios, mitos y miedos sobre los cuales se ha construido nuestra difusa identidad.
De allí la necesidad de recurrir –hasta caer en el abuso– a las batallas (sin gloria), la exaltación, a veces grosera y, sin ningún sentido, de la realidad, del mito de los héroes patrios –guerreros–, y construir con ambas una versión bien elemental del sentido del patriotismo; por el lado, nuestras elites venden a diestra y siniestra recursos, empresas y servicios de públicos.
Un patriotismo de fonda
Lo anterior, explica que, en vez de reflexionar sobre el verdadero sentido de estas fechas –lo cual tampoco significa ponernos graves–, no se vea en torno a ellas, sino la exaltación de los símbolos patrios. ¿Se acuerdan de las banderas del Bicentenario? Ahora, la vemos por todas partes, ya no hay avenida significativa de cualquier pueblo que no esté cubierta del pabellón de extremo a extremo; banderas recubren también carrocerías de vehículos y espejos retrovisores. Y otros, ya ensayan, festejar tamaña conmemoración con ropa interior con el tricolor como fondo y la estrella nacional destacada en el frente; la proliferación de desfiles que agotan; de bandas escolares que, con mucho entusiasmo, pero con poco talento, repiten hasta el cansancio marchas e himnos militares y este año, a diferencia de 2020 y 2021, no podremos escaparnos de las fondas y sus precios exorbitantes ¡Viva Chile, mierda!
Ni hablar de la cueca, que solo cobra vida entre los patriotas exclusivamente durante este mes, y en las mismas versiones que escuchamos desde nuestra primera infancia, cuando eran entonadas por nuestras abuelas, para pasar, ya en octubre, a mejor vida. El patriotismo de septiembre es un patriotismo de carrete, de mall (¿quién no se viste ahora de huaso o china producidos?), de vacaciones previas a las del verano. Turismo de masa y consumo.
Ese que deja toneladas de basura en los parques, que inunda la carretera y las avenidas de autos locos dejando decenas de muertos; que anega la 5 sur de papeles, envases de todo tipo y, por supuesto, de botellas. Ríos y playas tampoco se salvan del patriotismo chileno del 18. Ese patriotismo chauvinista es el que hay que empezar a combatir.
Transitar hacia un nuevo patriotismo
Bueno, empezando por reconstruir nuestras historias patrias que “con toda su seriedad acartonada, brinda un blanco fácil a la ironía” y que a cualquier observador externo: “le parecerían el pretexto de ceremonias y rituales exóticos o un escaparate de bibelots disparatados y decrépitos”, donde: “la ficción quiere revelar la carcoma que roe las figuraciones de la historia. Y de paso busca recobrar una historia más auténtica”, que dé cuenta de la construcción de un Chile más plural en que cada hombre y mujer, independientemente del rango social que ocupe, cada geografía, toda diferencia sea reconocida como parte de nuestra patria. La historia de un país mestizo, cuando no huacho. (Germán Colmenares, Convenciones Contra la Cultura).
Que ella sea el soporte de un relato más plural y colectivo sobre la construcción de nuestra identidad nacional, que reemplace a un puñado de héroes de mala muerte, de batallas sin gloria, de ejércitos sin honor y de una elite rentista, floja y trasplantada. Si ello llegase a ocurrir, por ahora, nos farreamos esa posibilidad, estaríamos sentando las bases de un nuevo patriotismo: uno que ponga énfasis en amar y respetar a nuestra tierra y su geografía; en cuidar nuestros recursos y estimular la ciencia, donde reconozcamos a los emprendedores y no a los especuladores; donde premiemos la meritocracia y no la pertenencia a “redes de influencia”, un patriotismo que ponga como valor central la honestidad en la función pública, en que se valore el hacer bien las cosas, donde se reconozca la buena ciudadanía, los valores republicanos y que de una lucha sin tregua a nuestra falta histórica de construcción de ciudadanía.
Si ello alguna vez ocurriera, la patria no solo existiría en septiembre, o se restringiría al 18, o para los partidos de la selección o solo se reclamaría a raíz de un plebiscito malentendido y peor votado. Les aseguro que en esa patria no habría chilen@s parias, ni de primera, ni de segunda. Seriamos simplemente chilen@s.
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