Este año, el Estado entrega cinco premios nacionales, un galardón que se otorga en distintas disciplinas y que ha sido generoso con los hombres: de los 676 premios entregados en la historia de este galardón, solo 86 han reconocido a mujeres.
Adriana Bastías
Este año corresponde la entrega de 5 de los 11 premios nacionales. La ley que regula esta distinción reconoce la obra de personas por su excelencia, creatividad, aporte trascendente a la cultura nacional y al desarrollo de campos y áreas del saber y de las artes. Los premios nacionales se otorgan en distintas disciplinas: Literatura desde 1942, Periodismo desde 1954, Historia desde 1974, Ciencias de la Educación desde 1981, mientras que desde 1992, se reconoce en Artes Plásticas, Artes Musicales, Artes de la Representación y Audiovisuales, Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnológicas, Ciencias Exactas, Ciencias Naturales, Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales.
También existen los premios de arquitectura y medicina que entregan los colegios profesionales de la disciplina, o el de derechos humanos y telecomunicaciones, entregados por el Instituto de Derechos Humanos y la Subsecretaría de Telecomunicaciones, respectivamente.
Los cinco premios nacionales que se entregan este año corresponden a Literatura, Historia, Artes Musicales, Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnológicas, y Ciencias Naturales.
El jurado que seleccionará los premios de Historia, Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnológicas, y Ciencias Naturales estará compuesto por el ministro de Educación, Marco Antonio Ávila Lavanal, por la rectora de la Universidad de Chile, Rosa Devés Alessandri, la última persona que recibió el Premio Nacional, en estos tres casos: Iván Jaksic, Edmundo Acevedo y Francisco Bozinovic, respectivamente. Además, se suma un académico/a designado/a por el Consejo de Rectores (CRUCH) que tradicionalmente suele ser uno de los rectores integrantes. Finalmente, se adiciona una persona integrante de la Academia Nacional de Historia, Academia Nacional de Ciencias y el Ministerio de Ciencias, Tecnología, Conocimiento e Innovación para los premios de Historia, Ciencias Naturales, y Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnológicas, respectivamente.
Los premios de Literatura y Artes Musicales serán definidos por la ministra de las Culturas, las Artes y el Patrimonio, Julieta Brodsky Hernández, la ya mencionada rectora de la Universidad de Chile, los últimos galardonados Elicura Chihuailaf y Miryam Singer, respectivamente; y un/a académico/a designado por el CRUCH: Elisa Araya (rectora de la Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación-UMCE) y Aliro Bórquez (rector de la Universidad Católica de Temuco), en Literatura y Artes Musicales, respectivamente. Además, en Literatura se sumarán como representante de la Academia Chilena de la Lengua, María Eugenia Góngora y dos autores destacados de la literatura chilena, designados por el Consejo Nacional de las Culturas, las Artes y el Patrimonio: la periodista, editora y académica Andrea Palet y el escritor y director de Ediciones de la Universidad Diego Portales, Matías Rivas. En Artes Musicales se unen como representante de la Academia Chilena de Bellas Artes, Andrés Maupoint y creadores/as destacados/as de la música chilena, designados por el Consejo Nacional de las Culturas, las Artes y el Patrimonio, la cantautora mapuche Daniela Millaleo y el musicólogo, José Manuel Izquierdo.
Se espera que durante este mes se den a conocer las nóminas completas de los jurados, los que se deben constituir en agosto, luego de lo cual tiene un plazo máximo de 30 días para emitir su fallo.
Por ley siempre ha estado un rector de la Universidad de Chile en la nómina de jurados en todos los premios nacionales entregados. Este año por primera vez, una mujer tendrá esta misión, la bioquímica y recientemente electa rectora, primera en este cargo luego de 179 años de existencia de dicha casa de estudios, Rosa Deves Alessandri. Se suman al jurado otras mujeres, como la primera rectora de la UMCE, Elisa Araya; juntas, podrían marcar un punto de inflexión en estos premios que tradicionalmente han sido otorgados a hombres. De hecho, si consideramos los 11 premios nacionales más los 2 premios que derivaron luego en otros (Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Premio Nacional de Artes), sobre 676 premios entregados, 590 han recaído en hombres y 86 en mujeres, es decir, un 87 y 13%, respectivamente.
La revisión individual de cada premio nacional da más luz sobre esta diferenciación. El Premio en Ciencias de la Educación, por ejemplo, es el que más ha reconocido a mujeres, con 7 premiadas de los 22 galardones entregados. En el otro extremo, nos encontramos con dos casos que merecen ser mencionados, el primero es el Premio Nacional de Historia, donde sólo se ha otorgado el premio una vez a una mujer, el año 2018, cuando recayó en Sol Serrano. Mientras que en la categoría de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnológicas el panorama aún es peor, ya que nunca una mujer ha sido premiada en los 30 años en que es otorgado.
Este año se entregan estos dos últimos premios: Historia y Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnológicas, y en ambos existen postulaciones de mujeres: María Angélica Illanes desde la Universidad Austral de Chile es postulada en Historia, con el lema una historiografía para los pueblos, por su trabajo sobre el proceso de conformación social de la historia de Chile, el movimiento social y popular. La investigadora y docente es apoyada entre otros, por la Red de Historiadoras Feministas. Por otro lado, está la científica de los secretos del panal, Gloria Montenegro, académica de la Universidad Católica de Chile, quien con aportes como un destructor de bacterias en base a miel de ulmo tipo “Lysoform” es apoyada entre otros, por la Asociación Red de Investigadoras, mostrando en ambos casos la importancia de sus postulaciones para organizaciones de la sociedad civil que trabajan en la visibilización de mujeres en diferentes áreas del conocimiento y la importancia de la existencia de mujeres como modelos de roles. Este año, ambas redes están apoyando a dos mujeres con méritos más que sobresalientes para recibir este premio a nivel nacional.
79 comentarios en “Apenas el 13% de los premios nacionales han sido otorgados a mujeres en Chile.”
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