PARISI Y UN PODER INSOSPECHADO
Por Rolando Cárdenas
Las movidas políticas
Lo primero que intentaron las campañas fue incorporar los apoyos de los partidos y candidatos participantes de la primera vuelta presidencial. En esto, nuevamente, Boric tomó ventaja ya que tanto la ex Concertación, el PRO y los candidatos Yasna Provoste y MEO, entregaron apoyo sin condiciones. Por el lado de Kast, los apoyos han sido condicionados: Sichel, que cuestionó hasta las credenciales democráticas del candidato con una adhesión que no tuvo mucha repercusión, y la de Cote Ossandon, que exigió cambios, incluidos al sistema de AFP y enfrentar la colusión de grandes empresas.
En términos programáticos, las propuestas de ambas candidaturas hicieron gestos a la moderación. Boric incorporó economistas ligados a los gobiernos de la Concertación, mientras Kast también amplió su equipo, incorporando economistas y profesionales ligados al ala liberal de la derecha.
En términos políticos y viendo la ventaja que tiene Boric en el voto femenino, Kast incorporó en primera línea a Evelyn Matthei, Paula Daza y Marcela Sabat, lo que además busca contrapesar el alto impacto del ingreso de Izkia Siches y el importante rol de Karol Cariola en el comando de Boric.
Los cambios más significativos hasta ahora en términos programáticos se han dado en el lado de Kast con varios anuncios: no terminar el Ministerio de la Mujer (un gesto que acompañó con disculpas públicas por la mala forma de comunicar), el fin a la baja de impuestos, la no privatización de Codelco y la incorporación del bono de un millón de pesos por niño nacido, depositado en la AFP.
Boric por su parte ha bajado su estimación de recaudación de impuestos, ha mostrado un discurso más duro contra la delincuencia y la migración ilegal, y promete que mañana martes 7 se incorporarán las modificaciones a su propuesta.
Otra señal relevante desde el entorno de Kast son los nombres de su posible gabinete, con Paula Daza en el Ministerio de Salud y Evelyn Matthei como ministra del Interior.
Un elemento importante también es el apoyo público que entregó a Gabriel Boric la senadora electa Fabiola Campillai, la elegida con la más alta votación nacional en términos numéricos.
Todo esto en un escenario en que no existe ninguna posibilidad de implementar políticas estructurales de gobierno sin lograr acuerdos gobierno – oposición.
Parisi, ¿el gran elector?
Parisi, cual un gran demiurgo intenta ser quien ordene los discursos y propuestas de los candidatos presidenciales. Su tercer lugar, que no fue sorpresivo, y sus novecientos mil votos, se han transformado en la piedra filosofal de esta elección como si quien cuente con su apoyo ganará la segunda vuelta. Eso, siempre y cuando efectivamente él pueda ordenar esa votación, lo que nadie cree posible.
Kast, de quien se sospecha realizó algún tipo de acuerdo con Parisi, asistió el domingo a su programa de Youtube, Bad boys, el que tuvo una gran audiencia, sobre cien mil personas, pero fue una soberana lata ya que hubo gran coincidencia en todo. Al inicio, Kast intentó marcar un punto de distancia con Parisi por el no pago de pensiones alimenticias a sus hijos, refiriendo el reclamo del candidato demandado que estaría en trámite en la justicia por el monto de estas pensiones, el cual debería cumplir una vez fallado. Convenientemente, Kast olvidó que la sentencia que condena a Parisi es cosa juzgada lo que implica que está en desacato frente a una decisión de la justicia chilena.
La gran duda es si Boric participará el martes 7 en el programa de Parisi. Inicialmente, había indicado que iría a este espacio de conversación, sin embargo, hay fuerte presión de su equipo de campaña de que desista de la invitación, ya que nadie intermedia con los votantes, por lo que la relación cara a cara es lo esencial. Se suma a lo anterior, la objeción de transferir este poder de decisión a una persona tan cuestionada como Parisi.
Round de estudio
Esta segunda semana, como en un combate de boxeo, ha sido un round de estudio para el gran asalto que serán los próximos 15 días de campaña, que todos coinciden serán esenciales.
Sin embargo, las condiciones en que ingresan a esta decisiva quincena son muy diferentes para cada candidato. Después de la primera vuelta, Kast apareció triunfante y con un buen discurso. Pero esa ventaja inicial se disolvió en un día con las declaraciones del diputado, ex republicano, Kaiser. Hoy todas las encuestas que se han dado a conocer dan ventaja a Boric, quien ha logrado generar una campaña en la calle, masiva, con imágenes de alegría y grandes incorporaciones como Izkia Siches.
Ambos tienen debilidades que pueden ser aprovechadas por el contrincante. Aparte de la cantinela de su coalición con el PC y su juventud, que hacen poner en duda su capacidad de gobierno, Boric tiene su apoyo concentrado en grupos jóvenes, segmentos medios y urbanos, en los cuales debe necesariamente crecer para ganar. La incorporación de figuras de la ex Concertación podría ayudarle en esa dirección, sin embargo, no está claro que eso haya acontecido y la primera vuelta mostró en el elector una pulsión por el orden, que debe asociarse a los cambios relevantes que el sistema requiere.
Kast, por su parte está en un dilema similar, tiene su votación concentrada en los grupos mayores, rurales y de regiones. También necesita crecer, para ello se ha concentrado en maximizar su acción donde ha tenido ventajas electorales, cambiando sin problemas sus propuestas iniciales de campaña. Eso no le impide acusar a su rival de hacerlo, al son de la campaña del miedo, para lo cual incluso ha traído al disidente venezolano Leopoldo López, para que cual Juanita Castro[1], nos convenza nuevamente de que podemos transformarnos en Chilezuela.
El miedo, como ya hemos indicado antes, es una pulsión movilizadora en el ser humano. El problema es que dividir la sociedad entre buenos y malos, nosotros y los otros, tiene consecuencias desastrosas en la construcción social. Hoy estamos en un punto de inflexión para avanzar hacia una mejor sociedad, Chile tiene niveles importantes de crecimiento económico, que pueden permitirle avanzar hacia una sociedad de bienestar, pero es condición excluyente el generar grandes consensos sociales.
[1] Para los más jóvenes, Juanita Castro, hermana de Fidel Castro opositora a este, fue traída a Chile por Eduardo Frei para la campaña presidencial de 1964 con el fin de contrarrestar las posibilidades de Allende, convenciendo a los chilenos que seríamos la nueva Cuba.
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