Por Adriana Bastías
Hace un par de semanas se llevó a cabo el Coloquio de Innovación Agraria para la región de O’Higgins organizado por la Fundación para la Innovación Agraria (FIA) y la seremía del Ministerio de Agricultura de O’Higgins, que reunió a diferentes actores del ecosistema de innovación regional con tomadores de decisiones.
En esta instancia, realizada en el campus Rancagua de la Universidad de O’Higgins, se presentaron cuatro proyectos impulsados por FIA. Los dos primeros relacionados con la utilización de recursos hídricos y cambio climático, mientras que otros dos se enfocaban en iniciativas para el sector agroalimentario y la diversificación productiva.
La jornada comenzó con la exposición de Emilio Cáceres, profesional de INIA-Rayentué, sobre “Desarrollo de soluciones técnicas de manejo sustentable de suelos, agua y cultivos, para enfrentar los efectos del cambio climático de la pequeña agricultura en el área de secano de la región de O’Higgins”.
La iniciativa tiene por fin mejorar las condiciones de suelos agrícolas afectados por incendios forestales, a través de prácticas de conservación de suelos y agua en predios de pequeños y medianos productores. Además, ha involucrado el desarrollo de técnicas de captación y aprovechamiento de aguas lluvias; la incorporación de una evaluación económica de las tecnologías generadas en el proyecto y de la factibilidad de uso por parte de los pequeños agricultores y el desarrollo de un programa de capacitación y divulgación técnica dirigido a agricultores, técnicos y profesionales, así como a niños y profesores de escuelas.
El proyecto, actualmente en ejecución, ha realizado labores de escarificado profundo de suelos, con evaluación de la aplicación de compost en terrenos para cultivos de praderas como triticale, en las comunas de Pichilemu, Marchigüe, La Estrella y Litueche, así como captación y aprovechamiento de aguas lluvias para la producción de hortalizas y forraje verde hidropónico.
La segunda iniciativa fue presentada por Jorge Ulloa de la empresa LemSystem quien dio a conocer un proyecto que busca generar un sistema de riego, utilizando inteligencia artificial. La iniciativa se titula “Lem Tech: desarrollo de un sistema escalable de riego inalámbrico Sub1GHz con predicción de riego y modelamiento del comportamiento del agua en el suelo, de bajo costo e inclusivo para la gestión sostenible del recurso hídrico”. Para su desarrollo, este proyecto ha buscado tecnologías existentes en el mercado y evaluado estudios de modelos hídricos y algoritmos de auto-aprendizaje para el desarrollo e implementación de un sistema de riego eficiente. Con ese fin, ha analizado la factibilidad legal, técnica y económica; así como el desarrollo de una estrategia comercial que defina su modelo de negocio y la comercialización de la innovación.
Quinoa e identificación de frutales
Posteriormente, la exposición de Claudia Rojas, investigadora de la Universidad Católica de Chile, abordó un esfuerzo público/privado de innovación para el desarrollo y obtención de nuevas variedades de quinoa con alto rendimiento y calidad nutricional para la zona centro y sur de Chile. Como es sabido, la quinoa es un pseudocereal que se caracteriza por su alta calidad nutricional, libre de gluten, y ser un cultivo tradicional de comunidades campesinas con resiliencia al cambio climático.
En el marco de esta iniciativa, se generó una base actualizada de germoplasma (material genético presente en la semilla) de quinoa de la zona centro y sur del país, a través del establecimiento de un banco activo de germoplasma ampliado y catálogo de variedades tradicionales. También se desarrollaron nuevas líneas genéticas de quinoa para la obtención de variedades de alto rendimiento y calidad nutricional a partir de selección masal, cruzamientos y mutagénesis, las cuales fueron validadas en pruebas de campo en varios ambientes. El resultado final de este trabajo de mejoramiento genético de quinoa produjo cinco variedades nuevas: nieves, chucao, pangal, trauco y pincoya, que presentan diferentes características como color de grano y panoja, contenido de saponina, tamaño, rendimiento y tolerancia a enfermedades, entre otras.
La última de las iniciativas es una innovación enfocada en el rubro de los frutales que presentó Rubén Almada, investigador del Centro de Estudios Avanzado en Fruticultura (CEAF). La experiencia, titulada “Desarrollo y validación de un servicio innovador para la identificación de especies frutales de importancia económica a través de la implementación de una técnica biotecnológica basada en qPCR-HRM” tiene por fin ofrecer a los principales actores del sector frutícola un servicio innovador de identificación genética de alta resolución, enfocado en las especies frutales de mayor importancia económica para Chile.
Este servicio puede ser utilizado por parte de viveros como control de sus bancos de plantas madre, al ingresar nuevo material a Chile y en sus procesos de propagación de plantas. Así también es útil para productores que sospechan de mezclas en sus huertos o como apoyo en el control del mal uso de variedades y portainjertos que cuentan con protección por derechos de obtentor.
119 comentarios en “Cuatro ejemplos de innovaciones agrícolas en la región de O’Higgins”
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