En el Secano de la Región de O’Higgins se llevó a cabo una capacitación en el uso de biopreparados, una alternativa amigable con el medioambiente para el control de plagas.
Desde que se impuso la agricultura a escala, en el siglo 20, la forma más extendida de controlar plagas en los cultivos ha sido la aplicación de plaguicidas químicos que, junto con eliminar los habitantes indeseados de las plantas, contaminan el suelo, los cursos de agua e incluso ponen en riesgo el ganado.
La alternativa es la aplicación de soluciones que están en la propia naturaleza muchas de las cuales, por lo demás, han sido desarrolladas desde tiempos inmemoriales por quienes se han dedicado a la agricultura en los pueblos originarios.
Para ver una de esas opciones, el Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA de O’Higgins, con sus investigadores de la sede Rayentué, convocó a un grupo de 60 agricultores y Prodesal de las comunas de Navidad, Litueche, La Estrella, Marchigüe y Pichilemu, y al Comité de Agencia de Área (CADA) Litueche-Navidad, y su jefa de Área Gabriela Montecinos, quienes también se hicieron presentes en el lugar.
La experiencia se realizó en el predio de Francisco Contreras, pequeño agricultor de la comuna de Litueche y tuvo por fin aprender sobre la elaboración de biopreparados.
Los biopreparados son productos que se manufacturan con elementos naturales, destinados a controlar enfermedades presentes en el proceso agrícola. Se caracterizan por ser de elaboración simple y con insumos que los productores muchas veces tienen en sus propios predios, de manera que no incurran en gastos extras para su implementación.
La encargada de enseñarles estas prácticas a los asistentes fue la investigadora de INIA Rayentué Bárbara Vega, quien durante el taller habló de la transición de lo convencional a lo agroecológico, a través de la implementación de diferentes principios y el control bajo manejos agroecológicos de plagas y enfermedades, asociado a la utilización de hongos endófitos y bandas florales, para la atracción de enemigos naturales para el control de plagas. Además, enseñó la preparación de bioplaguicidas y la elaboración de diferentes biofertilizantes asociados a compost, tales como bokashi, ácidos húmicos y fúlgidos y biológicos.
Emilio Cáceres, investigador INIA Rayentué y coordinador territorial del proyecto que sirvió de marco a la actividad, destacó la necesidad de dar un giro al manejo de la tierra: “la agroecología sin lugar a dudas debe ocupar hoy un papel preponderante en el manejo de nuestra tierra y de nuestra futura alimentación, ya que es la única forma para que podamos avanzar hacia una producción sustentable y amigable con nuestro medio ambiente”.
El proyecto en el que se enmarcó la actividad es «Desarrollo de soluciones técnicas de manejo sustentable de suelos, agua y cultivos para enfrentar los efectos del cambio climático”, ejecutado por el Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA Rayentué, gracias a aportes de la Fundación para la Innovación Agraria, FIA.
123 comentarios en “El tránsito de los químicos contaminantes a los biopreparados naturales para el control de plagas”
Melany Lawrence
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