En la ruta del patrimonio: el centenario liceo Neandro Schilling

En esta nota le presentamos un edificio patrimonial de nuestra región, el centenario liceo Neandro Schilling, un edificio neoclásico de 1891 que durante generaciones albergó a miles de estudiantes de San Fernando y la provincia huasa. Fue declarado monumento nacional el en 1995, obra del gobierno de José Manuel Balmaceda, quien se caracterizó por una activa labor en la construcción de obras públicas.

Edison Ortiz

Recreación a escala del frontis del viejo edificio.

El centenario liceo fue fundado en 1846, durante el gobierno de Manuel Bulnes y fue parte de la primera red de liceos provinciales que creo el estado chileno, cuya Constitución (1833), en el artículo 153°, señaló que: “la educación pública es una atención preferente del gobierno. El congreso formará un plan general de educación nacional”; en tanto, el art. 154° señalaba: “Habrá una  superintendencia de educación pública, a cuyo cargo estará la inspección de la enseñanza nacional, y su dirección bajo la autoridad del gobierno”.

De allí la prioridad que tuvo la educación, en el entramado general de lo que sería, más tarde, la nación chilena. Fue, históricamente, el liceo de hombres de San Fernando, que atendió las crecientes necesidades educativas de la provincia de Colchagua. El decreto fundacional del 26 de febrero de 1846, que lleva las firmas de Manuel Bulnes y de su ministro de educación Antonio Varas, rezaba que: “Art. 1.° Se establecerá un colegio en la ciudad de San Fernando, capital de la provincia de Colchagua”. El edificio neoclásico data de 1891 y durante generaciones albergó a miles de estudiantes de San Fernando y la provincia huasa. Fue declarado monumento nacional el en 1995, obra del gobierno de José Manuel Balmaceda, quien se caracterizó por una activa labor en la construcción de obras públicas.

Vista de la Plaza de Armas desde una de las ventanas del viejo edificio.

De hecho, durante la Guerra Civil sus protagonistas tomaron partido por el bando del presidente y sus instalaciones fueron empleadas como guarnición militar. Durante dos siglos se le conoció como el liceo de hombres de San Fernando, denominación que fue modificada a partir de 1960 cuando pasó a llevar el nombre de su emblemático ex rector, Neandro Schilling, quien dirigió la centenaria institución por varias décadas.

Tal como lo señala la breve historia del liceo, que está en la web oficial del establecimiento, “El acceso da al patio central, desde el que se ven salas de clases y dependencias administrativas. Su estructura es de ladrillo y pino oregón. Las puertas poseen en sus dinteles ornamentos de fierro forjado, siendo un trabajo de gran belleza».

Vista del viejo edificio desde uno de sus patios.

Este edificio estará disponible para visitar este sábado 28 y domingo 29 de mayo, como parte del Bici Tour/ Recorrido Patrimonial que organiza el museo Lircunlauta. Los visitantes podrán tener acceso al viejo edificio, cuya restauración ha vuelto a activarse, a sus patios, al museo pedagógico, donde hay curiosidades como fetos que se utilizaban en clases, un pez globo taxidermizado, antiguos pupitres, mapas, el primer televisor que se vio en San Fernando y diverso material escolar, entre otros. De ellos, se destaca el Atlas de Chile de Claudio Gay, versión original que data del año 1854, impreso en Paris y que trae cientos de imágenes en litografía, tanto de Chile como de su flora y fauna.

El Atlas de Claudio Gay y la litografía del Tinguiririca y del volcán San Fernando.

La directora, Claudia Pereira, hizo la siguiente invitación: “nuestro establecimiento ha sido invitado a participar entre las actividades que se realizarán a nivel comunal. En ese sentido nuestro liceo patrimonial estará abierto el día 28 y 29 de mayo. El día 28 tendremos la bici tour y, dentro de ese circuito patrimonial, estará visitar nuestro viejo edificio. En el circuito nos acompañarán dos docentes emblemáticos de la institución, como don Pedro Marchant y el profesor Gonzalo Órdenes, quienes van a recibir a los visitantes y van a poder mostrar todo el edificio patrimonial”.

A su vez, Pedro Marchant, docente del liceo y a quien todos reconocen como el custodio oficial del edificio patrimonial, indicó que: “nosotros tenemos un equipo de trabajo con los niños, y cuando ocurren situaciones como la celebración del Día del Patrimonio nosotros mostramos el edificio, lo que es el museo pedagógico, sus objetos antiguos y también nuestro edificio”.

La invitación, por lo tanto, está hecha y quedan tod@s convocados a disfrutar de otros de los tesoros patrimoniales que posee Colchagua, y que sus visitantes podrán disfrutar este sábado 28 y domingo 29 de mayo.

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217 comentarios en “En la ruta del patrimonio: el centenario liceo Neandro Schilling”

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