Es sequía por saqueo (rumbo al ecocidio). ¿Aún estamos a tiempo?
Por Carolina Miranda
En 2012, la Cámara de Diputados alertó que el proceso de desertificación alcanzaba ya a nuestra región. Sin embargo, seguimos realizando acciones que devastan el manto fértil que cubre la tierra, sus humedales y bosque nativo, con lo que eliminamos componentes claves del ciclo de producción de humedad y reducimos las posibilidades de lluvia. Un ejemplo son las acciones de compañías exportadoras en Pichidegua que han arrasado el bosque nativo, sustituyéndolo por especies exportadoras como la palta, que consume una enorme cantidad de agua (sólo una palta necesita al día cerca de 75 litros de agua, mientras en Petorca la disponibilidad de agua es de sólo 50 litros al día).
Estamos en tiempos inciertos.
Ya es evidente para tod@s (espero), que estamos viviendo una crisis. Y la incertidumbre aumenta porque sentimos que no se nos entrega toda la información que necesitamos para comprender el carácter y profundidad de la situación hídrica, climática y su vinculación con la forma de habitar nuestros territorios. El negacionismo, el no hacerse cargo, el no querer ver y el priorizar intereses individuales por sobre los del colectivo nos van conduciendo a un abismo.
Colectivos de agricultores hablan de no sembrar esta temporada. Nos dicen que es por la disminución de lluvia de los últimos 10 años, la gran sequía del presente, que no podemos hacer nada, que mejor ahorremos agua, que es el cambio climático (y también el robo de agua). Si bien todo esto no deja de ser verdad, hay un aspecto muy importante, cultural que nos permitirá comprender esta crisis hídrica y a su vez, en la medida que actuemos rápido y en conciencia en esta emergencia, podríamos encontrar la solución tanto para la escasez hídrica cómo para el calentamiento global. Así, podríamos aminorar la rudeza con que el cambio climático nos golpea.
Pongamos nuestra mirada en el territorio, imaginemos sus cerros, sus valles, sus industrias, cultivos y asentamientos, sus intervenciones y preguntémonos ¿por qué no llueve?, ¿dónde está el agua? Desde el colegio, tod@s tenemos una imagen del ciclo hídrico, esa que muestra el mar evaporando, el viento soplando y la nube que llega a la cordillera donde se transforma en agua o nieve para después volver al mar, y así el gran ciclo grande y real está grabado en nuestro imaginario. Pero nos falta otra imagen, la del pequeño ciclo del agua, ya que como todo en la naturaleza hay un micro y un macro que interactúan en paralelo.
Este mini ciclo se da en nuestras cuencas y subcuencas en la medida que la humedad esté presente y eso se da gracias al suelo, al manto fértil que cubre la tierra y que actúa como una esponja vegetal, permitiendo la germinación de la vida a través del establecimiento de diferentes estratos vegetales, cubre suelos, arbustos y árboles que forman el bosque nativo. En su ciclo vital, todos esos componentes generan la biomasa que alimenta este suelo y el suelo al bosque -en lo que llamamos la ley de la fertilidad- y a los humedales que actúan regulando la temperatura, limpiando las aguas. Son lugares donde la vida se hace presente con toda su biodiversidad.
Todos (junto a los animales que otorgan abono) son parte de una trama que actúa acumulando agua que mantiene la humedad, alimenta vertientes, manantiales y napas subterráneas, y junto a la vegetación del valle son capaces de hacer algo llamado evapotranspiración. Es decir, el agua que sale de los cuerpos que la almacenan, incluyéndonos a nosotros, se condensa y cae. En el ciclo hídrico, cerca del 70% de la lluvia que cae se debe a este proceso, la llamada “agua verde” y el porcentaje restante es el “agua azul” que viene de la evaporación del mar y otros cuerpos de agua.
Entonces ¡cómo queremos que llueva si hemos destruido las partes que dan forma a la lluvia!
Hemos afectado a tal punto el paisaje y a sus actores relevantes que hoy estamos en riesgo de no poder cultivar la tierra. Es así cómo muchos agricultores prefieren arrendar para grandes planteles de energía solar, que causan subida de la temperatura del lugar, haciendo que el suelo se seque más.
Ya en 2012, un informe de la Cámara de Diputados alertaba que el avance del proceso de desertificación estaba en nuestra región. ¿Y qué hicimos frente a ello? Profundizamos la llegada del desierto, devastando los cerros del Secano y de los Andes. Entre las imágenes que grafican el expolio, aparece una especie de afeitadora, raspando todo el bosque nativo de Pichidegua que, por no ser productivo al ojo del exportador, fue sustituido por especies que literalmente se alimentan del agua y nutrientes del suelo para llevarlos a otro lugar del planeta. El resultado es que la exportación de fruta en nuestra región saca el equivalente a tres cuartas partes del consumo de agua humano de ella. La falta de comprensión y acción respecto a las formas de actuar de la naturaleza y sus ciclos y el cómo habitar siendo parte potenciadora de estos ciclos nos pasan la cuenta hoy.
Debemos ser parte de la solución
Se siente desolador este presente para quienes comprendemos esta realidad y las implicancias que trae para las comunidades, porque la escasez hídrica es crisis alimentaria y pérdida de identidad. Nuestra tradición campesina está en riesgo y hablo de los campesinos que hacemos alimento, diferente al agricultor que tiene el foco en el dinero, puesto que volver a la esencia de la acción humana es la única solución posible para tener las condiciones de resiliencia que nos permitan un mejor pasar de la emergencia que se instala, y ¡esto es ahora!
Esta crisis nos invita a valorar lo que queda por proteger.
Es por eso que celebramos la reciente admisión por parte de la SEREMI de Medioambiente de la solicitud de reconocimiento del humedal El Ancho en Pichilemu y agradecemos la presencia de la recién promulgada ley de Protección de Humedales Urbanos. Como hemos dicho, necesitamos humedad en el territorio y los humedales son parte de este equilibrio. Acciones de protección de los bosques como es el Pangalillo en San Fernando y Alto Colchagua, pueden ir de la mano del “Derecho Real de Conservación”. Allí, somos los privados dueños legales de una tierra en categoría de conservación, quienes decidimos transformar parte de nuestros espacios en reservas naturales (de agua) y, al mismo tiempo, aplicar técnicas de restauración de estos lugares que potencien el ciclo hídrico, a través de “paisajes de retención de agua”, el diseño regenerativo y de permacultura.
Somos parte del problema, actores relevantes, causantes y también somos la solución… ¡vamos que se puede!
112 comentarios en “Es sequía por saqueo”
Ecxelente columna Carolina Miranda. Es muy necesario en este momento de incertidumbre climática, el poder aclarar cuáles son los puntos vitales en los que nos tenemos que enfocar para hacer acciones concretas. Se requiere compromiso de tod@s para salir de este problema y tus palabras son una buena guía. Un abrazo.
Gracias por llevarnos a tan potente reflexión. Excelente espacio.
Sensibilicemos. Podemos educar a las nuevas generaciones para no depradar más la tierra. Conectemosnos con todos los seres vivos. comenzando por uno mismo irradiando generosidad ..
Es urgente el cambio!!!, gracias profe por tu informacion…
Hermoso y necesarios estos espacios!
Me encanta la forma en la que el artículo visibiliza la exportación agrícola como otra forma de robar agua, un tipo de saqueo del que no siempre se está consciente ni figura en los grandes medios de comunicación. La economía a escala global propone un «intercambio» injusto para el territorio productor. Exportando fuera del territorio grandes cantidades de frutas y verduras se despoja al suelo de agua y nutrientes que no es posible recuperar siquiera en forma de compost… lo que se obtiene en cambio es dinero para el gran agricultor, perpetuando el saqueo a la tierra y la desigualdad social. No se intercambia agua y nutrientes (vida) por dinero, ese modelo económico nos tiene en el punto de no retorno hacia la catástrofe ecológica
Gracias Carolina 🙏t insisto sobre la prioridad del bienestar hacia los Animales,en especial ,en este caso q nos ocupa el Agua,la industria d la carne ,es la q mas gasta Agua,mas aun q la d los Paltos! Sería ideal terminar con esta industria cruel y sin sentido,no necesitamos proteina animal para estar bien nutridos y saludables,está reqtestudiado e investigado ,hay un estudio en Suecia q dice q los Vegetarianos tienen un 75% menos d posibilidades d contraer Covid,y si comen Pescado estas posibilidades bajan a 58%,está clarito ,hay q terminar la industria d la carnicería🙏🙏🙏
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