Ian, el huracán de la desinformación

 Por este medio quiero quejarme formalmente por el paupérrimo nivel de los periodistas televisivos chilenos que informaron con errores. Eso significa desinformar, también. Es posible que, con ello, hayan angustiado a familiares en Chile que tienen familia en Tampa y, por el contrario, no les dieron a otras familias la información necesaria para saber que sus seres queridos estaban en peligro.

A.C. Mercado-Harvey

En Chile estamos acostumbrados, nos guste o no, a los terremotos. Sabemos que pasan rápido y, rara vez, son catastróficos. Siempre hay una cantidad de gente que se muere de un infarto, o sea, muere de miedo. Cuando ocurre acompañado de tsunami la cosa es peor, porque siempre hay gente que muere llevada por las olas cuando no alcanzan a arrancar. En el terremoto de 2010 ocurrió eso, dejando un saldo de más de quinientas personas fallecidas. Todo eso es terrible, pero los chilenos sabemos lidiar con ello y estamos habituados.

Los huracanes son otro tipo de desastre natural, en mi opinión, habiendo vivido ambos, mucho peor. De partida, se sabe con días de antelación, lo que implica la ansiedad pre evento, más toda la preparación que hay que realizar: juntar agua, tener velas, pilas, radio a pila, un cilindro de gas y cocinilla o asadera (todo es eléctrico en USA), tapiar todas las ventanas, sacar todo lo del patio, sacarle agua a la piscina si se tiene, etc. Usted se preguntará, ¿y por qué no evacúa? Porque Florida tiene 21 millones de habitantes (más que Chile) y hay dos carreteras por las cuales se puede salir. Los aeropuertos cierran, así que tampoco se puede tomar un avión a última hora. Los que se ven obligados a evacuar son aquellos que viven directamente frente al mar, en cayos y cerca de lagos o ríos que se pueden desbordar, o en casas rodantes. Afortunadamente, no es mi caso, así que yo nunca he evacuado para un huracán.

A diferencia del terremoto, que pasa rápido, el huracán puede pasar a la velocidad de un caracol. Eso fue precisamente lo que ocurrió con Ian, que iba a 8 kilómetros por hora. Eso significó que tuvimos 8 horas a oscuras escuchando el viento a más de 150 kilómetros por hora y donde aterrizó el ojo, a 250 kilómetros por hora. A esa velocidad, no hay estructura que resista y eso fue lo que pasó en Fort Myers: no quedó ni la sombra. La devastación fue casi total. Para darle un dato aterrador: luego de la subida de la marea, se vieron tiburones nadando por lo que eran las calles de la ciudad. Ni decir caimanes desorientados fuera de los lagos y ríos. Una película de terror no alcanza ni asomarse a la realidad.

Yo tuve la suerte de que, si bien me tocó el huracán en el condado donde vivo, el ojo pasó a 100 kilómetros al sur de la ciudad de Sarasota. Si me hubiese pasado por encima, seguro que la historia que estaría contando sería otra. Se me cortó la luz por poco más de 48 horas y la Internet, pero siempre pude estar comunicada por celular. Cayeron ramas y mallas del mosquitero del patio, pero el techo resistió y no hubo daños estructurales. Nada agradable, pero nada del otro mundo tampoco. Lo peor fue la experiencia y eso que he pasado por al menos 5 huracanes en 22 años. Este fue, por lejos, el peor por su lenta velocidad y por lo fuerte de los vientos. El ruido ensordecedor es absolutamente aterrador.

Sin embargo, no quiero centrar esto en mi experiencia, porque hay gente que lo pasó mucho peor, que perdió todo lo que tenía, incluyendo a familiares y a amigos. Mi queja esta vez va dirigida a los periodistas y a los canales de televisión chilenos, que informaron, sin excepción, gruesos errores en su cobertura. Como tenía Internet en mi teléfono, me dediqué a ver por YouTube los diferentes noticiarios centrales y todos reportaron información equivocada.

Por ejemplo, Chilevisión con Daniel Matamala, en su edición central, informó que el huracán iba a Tampa, cuando a la hora del noticiario central ya se sabía que el curso había cambiado y que se dirigía a Fort Myers o Punta Gorda, al sur del estado. Esto es como si yo le dijera que el epicentro de un terremoto ocurrido en Curicó estuvo en Santiago. Así de lejos está Fort Myers de Tampa. Otros indicaron a Sarasota, sin clarificar que es el nombre de una ciudad (donde resido) y también de un condado, que extiende casi ochenta kilómetros al sureste de la ciudad misma. Es como la región de Coquimbo, que da nombre a una región y a una ciudad. Imagínese a algún familiar en Chile pensando que sus familiares que viven en Tampa estaban en peligro por la mala información dada, cuando en realidad no pasó casi nada allá. Lo mismo algún chileno con familia en Fort Myers que ni se enteró que el ojo pasó por allá.

El canal que dio la información más precisa fue TVN, pero así todo siguieron diciendo que se dirigiría después a Tampa, cuando en realidad afectó a Orlando como categoría 1 (o sea, informaron que se dirigiría hacia el noroeste, siguiendo la costa, cuando ya se sabía que se dirigiría al noreste, cruzando el estado por tierra). Yo no soy periodista (menos mal), aunque hago esa labor en este medio; sí tengo mucha más educación que un periodista y, por tanto, sé dónde buscar información, para eso me preparó el doctorado. Pero no es necesario tener ese nivel de estudios superiores para encontrar información de fácil acceso en Internet. Dado aquello, no logro entender cómo los periodistas chilenos no son capaces de “googlear” algo tan básico como es por dónde pasó el ojo del huracán Ian. De partida, está el Centro de Huracanes de Estados Unidos (www.nhc.noaa.gov), con información hora a hora el día que pasa el huracán. Además, todos los canales norteamericanos tienen streaming, que se puede acceder desde cualquier parte del mundo. Así de fácil. La única piedra de tope sería el inglés. Al parecer, los periodistas chilenos, como el resto de la población, tienen niveles de inglés bajísimos. Sin embargo, leer el nombre de una ciudad no es complicado y no olvidemos que existe Google Translate, en el peor de los casos.  También existen canales norteamericanos en español, como Univisión y Telemundo.

Cualquiera sea el motivo, me parece injustificable. Por medio de este diario digital, quiero quejarme formalmente por el paupérrimo nivel de los periodistas televisivos chilenos que informaron con errores serios. Eso significa desinformar, también. Es posible que, con ello, hayan angustiado a familiares en Chile que tienen familia en Tampa y, por el contrario, no les dieron a otras familias la información necesaria para saber que sus seres queridos estaban en peligro. Estimados periodistas: hagan mejor su trabajo, porque la responsabilidad de informar en una catástrofe natural es crucial. Esto es tan grave como un cirujano que opera el brazo equivocado o el dentista que extrae la muela errada. Las consecuencias pueden ser serias, así es que tómese su trabajo con profesionalismo, le paguen mucho o le paguen poco. Si no, dedíquese a otra cosa.

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159 comentarios en “Ian, el huracán de la desinformación”

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