Infancia e Internet: los riesgos acechan en la plaza digital

Yolanda Olivares, experta en el mundo digital, abordó en una nueva conversación con El Regionalista los riesgos presentes en la red y plataformas sociales, frente a los cuales la alternativa es mayor compromiso de padres y tutores respecto del consumo digital de niñ@s y adolescentes.

Dejar a un niño solo en Internet es como abandonarlo en una calle de Santiago hoy a medianoche. Así grafica Yolanda Olivares, periodista y experta en medios digitales, los riesgos a los que se enfrentan niñ@s y adolescentes al navegar por la red. Riesgos extremos porque no sabemos con quienes interactúan, en un mundo en el que much@s usan identidades simuladas.

En conversación con El Regionalista, en la que participaron el columnista Marcel Albano y los miembros del equipo editor Adriana Bastías, Nazario Garay y Claudio Urtubia, la profesional valoró Internet como una herramienta que puede prestar gran utilidad para la formación y entretención.

Sin embargo, frente a los peligros que presenta la navegación, señala que la solución no es solo restringir el tiempo de exposición sino que los padres o responsables deben estimular el acercamiento a la red como una herramienta, cuyos beneficios dependen del buen uso que se le dé. Para ello, es necesario involucrarse con esos usos, conocer cuáles son las rutinas de acceso a la red y plataformas, conversar con sus hij@s o nietos sobre riesgos y ventajas que encontrarán en la red. El rol parental es aún más relevante dado que el consumo de contenidos en redes por parte de l@s menores en Chile aún no tiene una protección legal específica.

La alternativa del control parental que ofrecen las distintas herramientas de Internet tiene el inconveniente de entrometerse en la vida del otr@, lo que es más complejo cuando se trata de adolescentes. Sin embargo, recomienda su uso de todas maneras cuando la conducta del niñ@ o adolescente evidencia cambios y hay señas de padecimiento emocional.

Yolanda Olivares llamó también a tener claridad que los contenidos de Internet están hechos para atrapar y que los “like” o la cantidad de seguidores pueden ser datos que distorsionan la autoimagen en formación de l@s menores. Frente a ello, su recomendación es estimular la creación y no sólo el consumo pasivo: que compartan sus habilidades, sus conocimientos, lo que estudian y leen.

En ese contexto, el compromiso de padres y tutores no se puede sustituir y no tiene que ver con mayor o menor habilidad para el mundo digital. Lo central, es involucrarse con l@s menores y sus dinámicas de comunicación, dialogar con ell@s, saber cuáles son sus contrapartes en Internet. Después de todo, el componente técnico del acceso a redes se aprende en centenares de ayudas contenidas, por ejemplo, en tutoriales de Youtube.

Glosario mínimo de un cibernauta

Cyberbullying: acoso a través de internet.

Grooming: proceso en que un/a abusador/a se gana la confianza de niñ@s o jóvenes con el fin de perpetrar abuso sexual contra ell@s.

Sexting: uso de teléfono o computador para envío de mensajes, fotos o videos con mensajes sexualmente explícitos.

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