La amenaza del individualismo en la votación de la futura Constitución

Por Marcel Albano

 «Quien sabe resolver las dificultades las resuelve antes de que surjan. El que se destaca en derrotar a sus enemigos triunfa antes de que se materialicen sus amenazas». Sun Tzu.

björk : human behaviour (HD)

Observando una situación cotidiana en un conocido restaurante de Rancagua, una familia está leyendo el menú en tanto el garzón, apunta sus solicitudes. Los comensales de todas las edades, están “personalizando” los pedidos. Hacen objeciones a uno que otro ingrediente de cada plato. El garzón amablemente les indica que no puede cambiar todos los menús y esa respuesta, despierta la indignación de una cliente que, visiblemente mañosa, arrastra al grupo a retirarse, alegando hambre y pérdida de tiempo.

Lo que puede parecer normal en una relación en la que «el cliente siempre tiene la razón”, en política tiene consecuencias muy distintas. Esta pauta de conducta social muy propia de la sociedad individualista y domesticada en el “me gusta, yo quiero, yo deseo» o “me molesto”, crea relaciones donde no hay más compromiso que reacciones del consumidor. Por supuesto, ahí los vínculos son frágiles e instrumentales: no me importa el otro sino más bien lo que puede satisfacer mi gusto personal. El otro es un medio y no un fin en sí mismo. El malestar social se funde, entonces, con el inconformismo del cliente.

Tal sensibilidad de la población, está basada sobre la instalación de la cultura neoliberal incorporada en la conducta de los individuos como votantes exigentes. El desprecio e incertidumbre de la opinión pública hacia la política, puede licuar las intenciones de consolidar el  plebiscito de salida con un apruebo macizo en la votación y, por lo tanto, restar legitimidad y validez a una nueva constitución pero… ¿por qué nuestro modo de actuar como consumidores guardaría alguna relación con nuestra conducta política y afectar el resultado del plebiscito? Veamos.

Bajo el espejismo de una sociedad individualista cuyo motor es el hiperconsumo, es difícil conciliar los intereses particulares de la población: cada uno, como en el restaurante, desea satisfacer sus propios intereses. Una amenaza que se cierne sobre todo cuando el papel de los medios de comunicación y las redes sociales obligan al poder político a mostrarse acogiendo las percepciones de una ciudadanía fácilmente influenciable y sin herramientas para distinguir la racionalidad de la emoción. Eso lo demostró Franco Parisi que creó de manera virtual un partido político y una campaña electoral con un avatar basado en la sensibilidad anti derecha e izquierda, e instrumentalizando problemas sociales como la migración. Un millón de compatriotas está en esa escena.

Por ello, en la era del “me gusta – no me gusta”, en que la población ya se encuentra domesticada por los algoritmos de la realidad digital, se crea un escenario que puede licuar las aspiraciones de la Convención Constitucional. En un escenario en que se identifique esta instancia con el nuevo gobierno, adjudicándole sus logros y fracasos políticos, es plausible imaginar que, bajo el influjo del marketing político y la telepolítica -que instalan corrientes de opinión -, la población se manifieste con una energía que aumente los estados del malestar social.

Somos una sociedad que gusta de la discusión alimentada por masas de información que nunca son sólidas sino más bien etéreas y tautológicas: «discutimos pero no debatimos, nos interesa solidificar la propia opinión antes que el diálogo y la cooperación», sentencia un partner psicólogo social.

Pero veamos: ¿qué rol puede jugar el individualismo en la configuración de un nuevo orden social? El mal llamado “amor propio” que se define bajo la óptica de satisfacer todos los deseos de la zona de confort personal, carece de las barreras necesarias para distinguir que las relaciones sociales ligadas al servicio de atención al cliente, son de naturaleza diferente de las políticas. Si un ingrediente del plato no me gusta no me lo como. Ergo, cualquier oración o sentencia en un artículo de la nueva constitución podría caer bajo el mismo efecto, es decir, rechazar la carta fundamental porque es casi seguro que, cuando nos acerquemos a la fecha de votación,  surgirá una guerra de guerrillas sobre los pro y los contra de lo escrito allí.

Así, el inconformismo del consumidor – votante, puede rechazar por diferentes motivos la carta fundamental y el efecto dominó se puede viralizar no solo desde la obvia votación de los sectores de la derecha, sino también desde el seno de las distintas versiones de izquierdas e independientes.

El efecto “no me gustan las empanadas con pasas” se materializaría como rechazo a la constitución por artículos que no son necesariamente de mi total representación.

No es posible, dada la cultura hiper individualista de la población, dar en el gusto a una mayoría que se disuelve en cuestiones poco claras como cerrar los discursos con el famoso «pero si es verdad».

Y sin embargo, el relativismo actual de las conversaciones cotidianas presentes -”todo punto de vista me parece válido y legítimo”- crea realidades que no son diálogos sino más bien debates de comportamiento o interpretaciones de perspectivas, haciendo que todo se difumine en los olvidos de la memoria, dejando tras de sí huellas de malestar emocional y social.

Finalmente, el individualismo tiene componentes totalitarios. Se verá  en la discusión sobre los derechos del agua y las matrices productivas del agro. ¿Estamos dispuestos a comer sándwiches sin palta para beneficiar a la población de Pichidegua? Definido el votante por gustos, reacciones emocionales y escasa racionalidad política, en un contexto de conflictos económicos y ambientales en ciernes o ya presentes, podemos esperar un escenario político en el cual la población no leerá la constitución que votará y se dejará influenciar por los ánimos de las plazas digitales.

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363 comentarios en “La amenaza del individualismo en la votación de la futura Constitución”

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