Después de la ilusión de que “todo volverá a ser normal”, las autoridades que dictaron (y quienes tuvieron que implementar) “el retorno presencial”, recién han asumido que la realidad siempre es más compleja y que el comienzo del fin de la pandemia, luego de un exitoso proceso de vacunación, significará el inicio de otro proceso: el de las secuelas pos pandemia que no fueron bien calibradas por las autoridades políticas y educativas.
Edison Ortiz
La ilusión de la normalidad
Como se sabe, la administración anterior decretó el retorno presencial obligatorio a clases en 2022. Casi dos años después de la explosión de la nueva peste, los diversos instrumentos, aplicados por los establecimientos para medir el avance en los aprendizajes, arrojaban que estos estaban en franco retroceso desde que se desató el covid-19. Más aún, cuando lentamente empezó el regreso presencial en la primavera pasada, los diversos diagnósticos aplicados indicaban, además, que estos eran peores que cuando se aplicaron en modo digital desde cada hogar.
Ello llevó a la autoridad a insistir en el regreso presencial en marzo de 2022, y esa fue la regla de oro. Para diagnosticar las conductas, de entrada el Mineduc y sus diversas agencias dotaron a los establecimientos de variados instrumentos (Diagnóstico Inicial de Aprendizajes (DIA), escuelas arriba, Sumo y Leo primero, etc.) para monitorear el estado real de los aprendizajes de los estudiantes. Agregó, además, un diagnóstico socioemocional que, sin ser la herramienta a la que se le dio mayor prioridad, las escuelas y liceos lo aplicaron para saber las condiciones psicológicas en las que volvían sus alumnos.
Por cierto, los resultados en los ejes principales en las asignaturas de lenguaje y matemática estaban lejos de dejar satisfechos a equipos directivos y docentes; más bien, resultaron alarmantes. Sin embargo, la aplicación del socioemocional arrojó datos más sorprendentes aún: niños de todos los niveles – y con mayor profundidad en los iniciales – habían regresado más herméticos y solitarios, con poca confianza en sí mismos y algo mejor en la de los demás. Sin embargo, había una alta valoración del trabajo realizado con los alumnos por parte de la escuela.
A pesar de la evidencia empírica sobre las dificultades socioafectivas postpandemia se continuó, sin embargo, con la lógica y el foco en la recuperación de aprendizajes. Se quiso seguir tapando el sol con un dedo.
La realidad siempre supera la ficción
Y como en todas las cosas de la vida, la realidad comenzó a superar rápidamente a la teoría: las imágenes de televisión masificaron, en el retorno presencial a clases, las protestas de las estudiantes por el trato sexista y el acoso en sus escuelas y liceos, en especial de la capital. Se hicieron comunes, también, las escenas de peleas al interior o fuera de los establecimientos que pasaron a ser el dolor de cabeza de equipos directivos, al igual que niños descontrolados en los recreos y otros con miedo a estar con sus pares, y algunos hasta con crisis de pánico al encontrarse con sus compañeros. Una directora me relata que le tocó observar en su escuela a una niña que, al salir a recreo, se dejaba caer al suelo y no quería reunirse con los demás. La profesora de educación física le señaló que la chica estaba fundida, pero la directiva siguió observando y al tocar el pecho de la niña, su corazón latía a mil por hora: tenía crisis de pánico. Aumenta el tráfico y consumo de drogas al interior de los colegios, y se agrega una nueva variable: el empleo excesivo de pastillas de uso terapéutico, muchas veces proporcionadas por sus propios padres. Los docentes y equipos directivos empiezan a ser superados por sus estudiantes. Se quejan que padres, madres y apoderados, en la práctica, dejan a los niños abandonados en la escuela para que el profesor se haga cargo de ellos. El malestar crece y el ministerio de Educación empieza a tomar consciencia del problema. Así, se genera una línea de flexibilización de la jornada escolar completa para adecuar la extensa carga horaria al modo pospandemia, que acaba de extenderse hasta mayo.
Se instalan, también, espacios para empezar a conversar sobre lo que está pasando en la escuela con la convivencia. En paralelo, para el próximo martes, se prepara una jornada nacional sobre educación no sexista pero que en realidad es un evento sobre educación inclusiva.
El tiro de gracia, aunque suene cruel la redundancia al “retorno normal”, lo pone un estudiante del liceo de Santa Cruz que se disparó un tiro en la cabeza a quemarropa, en pleno recreo, acabando con su vida. El mismo día, en que se realizan las exequias del malogrado joven colchagüino, el ministro de Educación se atreve al final a pedir lo que desde ya es de sentido común en los establecimientos educacionales: suspender el Simce.
Nada volverá a ser normal.
Después de la ilusión de que “todo volverá a ser normal”, las autoridades que dictaron (y quienes tuvieron que implementar) “el retorno presencial”, recién han asumido que la realidad siempre es más compleja y que el comienzo del fin de la pandemia, luego de un exitoso proceso de vacunación, significará el inicio de otro proceso: el de las secuelas pos pandemia que no fueron bien calibradas por las autoridades políticas y educativas.
2022 será, como pareciera decirlo el sentido común, recién el inicio del retorno a una nueva normalidad que nunca volverá a ser la misma. Un año de reencuentro, de mucho diálogo, sin prisas, en una sociedad que, ya lleva cuatro años, traumatizada por el estallido social; luego, la pandemia y ahora, sus secuelas. Un año donde la prioridad será cuidarnos y auto cuidarnos los unos y los otros, dándole una nueva significancia a la escuela, más humana y donde los niñ@s no solo sean una fría estadística. Después de todo lo vivido, ninguna escuela ni comunidad educativa está obligada a lo imposible.
41 comentarios en “La escuela pospandemia”
Esto ocurre porque la mirada dese la «academia», la autosuficiencia de quienes están en la superestructura del poder, no tienen cable a tierra, no escuchan ni quieren ver la realidad y se atrincheran en el rol de ser los únicos exégetas que pueden diagnosticar e interpretar adecuadamente las sacras escrituras entregadas por la «intelligentsia chilensis» , lo que ocurre en el sistema educacional, no solo en este particular estado en que nos encontramos producto de la pandemia, siempre ha sido así, de haber descubierto una suerte de «piedra filosofal», tendríamos a través de un «opus Magnum, un exitoso proceso educativo y logrado una buena educación. Estaríamos asumiendo el camino correcto y no descalifico el importante y necesario conocimiento académico, pero como en todo orden de cosas, hay que lograr la síntesis entre la teoría y la praxis y no seguir ciega y disciplinadamente, lo que magister Dixit.
Plenamente de acuerdo, abrazos.
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