El futuro está aquí: la sequía permanente se instala en O’Higgins porque el cambio climático es irreversible
Por Edison Ortiz
El cambio climático es irreversible, afectará durante siglos o milenios y es un hecho inequívoco que ha sido la humanidad la que “ha calentado la atmósfera, el océano y la tierra”. Así, sin rodeos ni las formalidades diplomáticas habituales, el secretario general de las Naciones Unidas, derribó toda argumentación negacionista y activó el código rojo sobre la peor amenaza que sufre el planeta hoy. Esta realidad, que en nuestra región se refleja en una crisis hídrica gigantesca, la estamos padeciendo hoy. No es un problema de los años que vienen.
El mundo fue golpeado hace unos días por las conclusiones del informe del Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC). Por primera vez, sin eufemismos, el organismo señaló que “el cambio climático es irreversible” y que “afectará a la humanidad durante siglos o milenios”. El secretario general de Naciones Unidas indicó que el informe “es un código rojo” para el mundo. Según el diario El País, la investigación “fulmina al ‘negacionismo’ y considera como algo ‘inequívoco’ que la humanidad ‘ha calentado la atmósfera, el océano y la tierra’, lo que ha generado ‘cambios generalizados y rápidos’ en el planeta”.
Sin dejar espacio a dudas, el informe señala que, en las condiciones actuales, con un aumento de la temperatura promedio de 1,1 grados, en 20 años alcanzaremos la temida barrera de 1,5 grados y, sin hacer nada, hacia fin de siglo superaremos los 4,4 grados de incremento.
Según el medio español “entre las consecuencias directas, además de la subida de las temperaturas medias, figuran los fenómenos meteorológicos extremos. Se trata de eventos similares a las olas de calor o las lluvias torrenciales que se están viviendo en las últimas semanas por distintas partes del globo”. De igual manera, el aumento del nivel del mar, como consecuencia del derretimiento de los casquetes polares, se ha incrementado en los últimos 30 años: mientras en el siglo 20, los océanos aumentaron 1,7 milímetros, desde 1993 el incremento ha sido de 3,2 milímetros.
En el Valle Central de Chile, las trombas y tornados marinos en la costa, principalmente entre la región del Maule y Bío Bío, son también una muestra del cambio. Estos fenómenos, que en la segunda mitad del siglo pasado alcanzaban 9 episodios en promedio, desde el 2000 se producen 30 veces en el año.
Emergencia Agrícola en la región
El pasado 6 de agosto se reunió la Comisión Regional de Riego y Emergencia Agrícola instancia en la que el delegado presidencial, Ricardo Guzmán, comunicó su solicitud al gobierno de decretar nuestra región como zona de Emergencia Agrícola, pues “todo hace prever que no vamos a tener agua en el verano”.
La situación es extremadamente grave: el seremi de Agricultura, Joaquín Arriagada planteó en ese encuentro que la crisis tiene su origen en la escasez de lluvia y el dramático déficit de nieve en la cordillera (ha precipitado sólo la décima parte y un 15%, respectivamente, de lo que correspondería a un año normal), según reporta la señal de televisión TVO de San Vicente.
En la oportunidad, el profesional de la Dirección Regional de Aguas (DGA), José Miguel Goycoolea, afirmó que se ha llegado a un punto de no retorno, que exige una planificación territorial. Lo anterior, implicaría frenar el laissez faire que ha operado en la región en el otorgamiento de autorizaciones para plantaciones que demandan altos consumo de agua. Como es sabido, en nuestra región proliferaron los permisos para monocultivos de exportación, como la palta, que no solo destruyen el bosque nativo sino que agravan la crisis hídrica.
Por ahora, sin embargo, las medidas anunciadas siguen siendo parches y no forman parte de planes de largo aliento. Porque las mismas autoridades que hoy solicitan la declaración de emergencia agrícola para las 33 comunas de la región, antes habían hecho caso omiso de las distintas denuncias que desde hace años vienen realizando distintas agrupaciones ambientalistas. Tal es el caso de Bosques para Cachapoal, que preside Patricia Segura, entidad que viene realizando una labor promocional y de conciencia ambiental hace años.
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