Licencias médicas y el verdadero debate sobre corrupción y la función pública

Si nos queremos ocupar en serio de la gestión del Estado chileno, debiésemos tomarnos como una oportunidad la crisis planteada por el caso licencias médicas. De lo contrario será lo mismo que ya hemos observado antes en Corfo, Gendarmería, el MOP-GATE, el SII y otras agencias de gobierno.

Por Edison Ortiz

Cuando uno consulta en la red cuáles fueron los mayores fraudes al fisco del último tiempo, inmediatamente aparece el pacogate con un monto que asciende a $35 mil millones de pesos siendo hasta hoy la estafa más grande en la historia de Chile. Y si le sumamos el milicogate, según el periodista Mauricio Weibel, autor del libro “Traición a la patria”, la defraudación al fisco alcanzaría la estrepitosa cifra de $50 mil millones de pesos, unos 53, 5 millones de dólares, más o menos el costo medio de un hospital público.

Comprobante licencia médica. Crédito: Emol.

Ambos episodios se convirtieron, por lejos, en la mayor corrupción con dinero público de nuestra corta experiencia republicana. Casos como estos, más los provenientes del mundo privado corrompiendo funcionarios públicos –Penta, SQM, SII, entre otros-, así como la falta a la moral pública que evidencia el caso licencias médicas generan un malestar social cuyos resultados pueden tener consecuencias peores que la enfermedad, tal como lo hemos podido observar en otras latitudes donde se hace gala de motosierras, recortes a funciones estratégicas del Estado que resultan en un fracaso rotundo en EE.UU. y con Elon Musk abandonando humillado la segunda administración Trump. Las salidas con liderazgos autoritarios como se ha observado últimamente, y como lo pudimos constatar directamente los chilenos con la dictadura de Pinochet, siempre son peores que cualquier solución democrática, y en el caso licencias, lo mejor que podemos hacer los chilenos es tomarnos el problema en serio y abordarlo como política pública de largo plazo. Esto es evitar las famosas comisiones que no terminan en ninguna parte o medidas populistas para salir al paso y que nunca resuelven el problema de fondo hasta que este vuelve a reaparecer.

La imagen tiene un atributo ALT vacío; su nombre de archivo es Licencias-medicas-2.png
El pacogate: el mayor fraude al fisco en la historia de Chile.

Una estafa a nuestros compañeros de trabajo

Como se sabe, las licencias médicas se financian con el aporte de todos los trabajadores que cotizan, por lo tanto, aquellos que las usaron fraudulentamente, además de poner en evidencia la baja moral pública existente en algunos funcionarios de la administración pública, se burlaron y les faltaron el respeto a sus propios compañeros de trabajo.

La candidata de derecha Evelyn Matthei condenó el uso de licencias fraudulentas y pidió sanciones drásticas, sin embargo, ya circula por redes una usada por ella mientras hacía campaña. Los senadores, ex DC, Walker y Rincón piden las penas del infierno para los infractores y presentan un proyecto de ley para sancionarlos, pero son los mismos que han usado y abusado del estado clientelar y nepotista que nos ha llevado hasta aquí.      

Por ello, esta vez no nos dejemos llevar por los cantos de sirena que vienen del sistema político, en particular de un parlamento cuyos protagonistas han copado el estado de gente sin mayor requisito que ser parte de su clientela electoral, al punto de tenerlo al borde del colapso.

Dorothy Pérez, exponiendo en el Senado, cuyos miembros son también responsables del mal estado de la administración pública.
Crédito: Aton. Chile

Poner fin al estado como botín de guerra  

Como se sabe, al comenzar el régimen democrático el gobierno de Aylwin se encontró con una “planta funcionaria” en la administración pública apernada y que no reunía los mínimos de confianza para emprender los desafíos que planteaba el régimen democrático. Por necesidad, se recurrió a la contratación de asesores, un grupo muy reducido y profesional, quienes colaboraron con ministros, subsecretarios y jefes de servicio en las nuevas tareas gubernamentales. Aquel noble fin, con el paso del tiempo se deformó y derivó en la contratación de asesores a destajo al punto que, se dijo por entonces, hasta estafetas de los ministerios tenían la calidad de asesores o disponían de los propios.

Se masificó durante nuestra transición, con gobiernos de la Concertación y de la derecha, la contratación de clientela electoral a destajo sin procesos de selección mínimos y muchos de los cuales tampoco contaban con las competencias para ejercer las funciones a las que eran asignados, siguiendo con ello la larga práctica chilena del “no quiero que me den, pero pónganme donde haiga”.

El estado como botín de guerra cuya expresión, a nivel del bajo pueblo era “ahora nos toca a nosotros”, frase heredera de una antigua tradición hispánica.

A la falta de concursos anónimos y universales se sumó luego la creación de un servicio civil de selección que es un tremendo gasto de dinero solo para descartar a quienes no se quiere dejar en el cargo y favorecer, casi siempre, al ungido por la administración de turno. Un sistema tan hipócrita como nuestra cultura política.

Y así hemos llegado hasta aquí con el caso licencias médicas que ha visibilizado una vez más, la ausencia de una planta profesional, meritocrática y flexible.

¿Pero está todo perdido?

Transitar hacia una administración pública profesional

Merkel y Macron, líderes de dos de las mejores burocracias de europeas.
Crédito: Consejo Europeo.

En los países nórdicos o de tradición anglosajona las contrataciones de funcionarios públicos suelen ser bastante transparentes y basadas en el mérito. En ellas se valoran mucho los procesos “sin rostro”, públicos y basados en la igualdad de oportunidades. En general son de carácter anónimo –no se contrata un nombre sino un perfil-, se busca que las personas sean seleccionadas por sus habilidades y experiencia, promoviendo la meritocracia y la igualdad.  En este tipo de naciones se pretende que quien sea seleccionado hubiese sido el mejor candidato para ocupar la plaza que se ofrece.

En paralelo, en este tipo de estados los cambios que involucran un nuevo gobierno son los mínimos y, en general, quienes llegan a ocupar funciones son la alta burocracia pública –ministros, subsecretarios, etc.–, los que son acompañados por un equipo pequeño y muy profesional –el gabinete– comprometido con las promesas de campaña a implementar por la nueva administración. El resto de la burocracia estatal lo constituyen profesionales de carrera que cada cierto tiempo deben someterse a exámenes de actualización y de gestión.

Debiera, además, introducirse en Chile algún grado de flexibilidad en la función pública que dependerá del tamaño del estado, de los compromisos de gobierno y del presupuesto público.

Si nos queremos ocupar en serio de la gestión del estado chileno debiésemos tomarnos como una oportunidad la crisis planteada por el caso licencias médicas. De lo contrario será lo mismo que ya hemos observado antes en Corfo, Gendarmería, el MOP-GATE, el SII y otras agencias de gobierno en administraciones de centro izquierda y de derecha.     

Hasta que un nuevo escándalo reviente y ponga de nuevo en el tapete la gestión de la burocracia pública.

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11 comentarios en “Licencias médicas y el verdadero debate sobre corrupción y la función pública”

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    All we have are person anecdotes, which, whereas helpful,
    are hardly scientific. We know what most of the aspect impact risks are; it’s just a matter of how badly you as a
    person will be affected. Tren is confirmed to impression ldl cholesterol negatively, and it’s only a matter of how severe
    this could be for you as an individual. Research have shown that
    Trenbolone can cause a reducing of HDL (good) cholesterol levels while raising LDL (bad) levels of cholesterol.

    Counterfeiters are well aware of the demand and popularity of
    Testosterone Enanthate, so a good number of fakes
    exist and will not be of the quality that
    you’d get with genuine pharmaceutical Testosterone Enanthate.

    When it involves zits improvement, those that skilled extreme zits throughout their teenage years are often extra vulnerable to growing it whereas utilizing Testosterone Enanthate.

    This includes not only on the face however zits popping up on the shoulders, again, and elsewhere.
    You can even use 10mg/day of Nolvadex (or zero.5mg/eod Arimidex) all through
    the cycle to fight gynecomastia-related issues. So, no matter your weekly dose is, halve it
    for each injection twice per week.
    When you aren’t ready for gyno to develop, you run the risk
    of it getting out of control, and it might be severe with Trenbolone.

    Having an anti-estrogen and aromatase inhibitor readily
    available is, therefore, important for a Trenbolone cycle, just as you’ll with most different steroids.
    Fortunately, this particular aspect impact is definitely avoided as a end
    result of it comes about because of your Tren dose being too high and not enough exogenous
    testosterone being supplied to satisfy your needs. It’s
    simply essential that you just embody a form of testosterone in your Trenbolone, which, on the
    very least, needs to be at a hormone replacement dosage.
    Incidences of increased sweating are reported much more often with Trenbolone than with different
    steroids. The most likely cause for the excessive perspiration is the raised metabolic fee that Tren causes.
    You might discover that you’re sweating extra at
    evening while sleeping (which can, in turn, feed into
    one of Tren’s different infamous unwanted side effects described below).

  5. Alba Maldonado Guzmán

    Comparto lo expresado. Pero, me temo, que pasará lo de siempre, se perseguirá trabajador@s y no cambiará nada. Gatopardismo en su más pura expresión.

  6. Boris Roberto Subiabre

    Excelente artículo.pero y q pasa , como nos afecta a los funcionarios públicos q estamos en isapres. Cada licencia presentada al segundo día ya es rechazada,…y comienza un largo y costoso perogrinaje..para el enfermo, la víctima..la isapre descalifica al médico.. en el sur no hay especialistas….todos cobran particular…y caro…la isapre reembolsa en treinta días un porcentaje mínimo…por todos lados los trabajadores somos abusados..si un profesor enferma y la licencia no es mayor de 15 días no se puede contratar reemplazo….y como las isapres rechazan y recortan , los escolares quedan sin clases mucho tiempo….quien reclama?. Tengo una hija enfermera con CA de mamá triple negativo, su isapre Colmena…le ha rechazado todas las licencias….Compin a corregido está mala práctica. Lo q expongo no es tema de los medios..sino denostar a los funcionarios públicos. Porq la contralora no dice nada respecto de las plantas y contratas, en donde las cifras están invertidas…los pinochetistas tienen los mejores grados y plantas…gracias por este espacio.

  7. Tal cual estimado Edison. Agregaría la necesidad de actualizar la normativa que rige las licencias que data de mediados de los 80′, cuando nadie imaginaba que podría leer y comentar un artículo desde un teléfono sin cables.

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