Los medios de comunicación en tiempos de convulsión social

Los medios de comunicación, desde la dictadura en adelante y que se profundizó con la transición, tuvieron cada vez más peso en la construcción de opinión pública lo que redundó, también, en la incorporación de capitales privados que dominaban el modelo imperante en la idea de generar una “esfera pública” acorde al neoliberalismo. Se hizo común que connotados empresarios se hicieran de medios de comunicación, de diverso tipo, para construir una opinión pública sesgada y parcial, que hizo crisis con el estallido social. Estamos ad-portas de una nueva prensa, más libre y autónoma que debiera consolidarse con la nueva Constitución.

Valentina Arismendi, Ignacio Manzur, Josselyn López, Nicolás López[1]

Hace aproximadamente un mes, trabajadores del canal La Red iniciaron una huelga producto del retraso en el pago de sueldos y cotizaciones, esto provocó la cancelación de todos los programas que se transmitían en vivo y, además, de la renuncia del director de canal, el periodista Víctor Gutiérrez, quien llevaba dos años en el cargo.

No es la primera vez que ocurre una crisis de un canal de televisión como La Red. En 1999, el canal Rock & Pop cayó en una profunda crisis financiera que desencadenó en el cierre final de este medio de comunicación. Misma suerte corrieron otros medios de comunicación escritos y radiales durante la década de los 2000.

Con la consolidación del modelo neoliberal y la llegaba de la democracia en 1990, los medios de comunicación comenzaron a tener un mayor peso y relevancia en la opinión pública. Sin embargo, y como ocurrió con los otros rubros de la economía, el elemento central de la prensa, es decir, la información, se comenzó a mercantilizar de la mano del gran empresariado forjado en dictadura. Dando una lenta pero segura adquisición de medios de prensa, fueron los grupos Copesa (Álvaro Saieh) y El Mercurio (familia Edwards) quienes consolidaron su poder en la prensa escrita durante el periodo de dictadura. Posterior a la prensa escrita, las familias Claro, Luksic, Piñera y Héller Solari se convirtieron en flamantes dueños de canales de televisión. Consorcios empresariales de matriz diversificada tomaron el control de los medios, pagando publicidad de otras empresas de los mismos grupos empresariales. Esta captura de medios llegó incluso a las principales radioemisoras nacionales y regionales.

Durante octubre de 2019, en el apogeo del estallido social, el modelo estratégico de control de medios se convirtió en un elemento central de la indignación popular, proliferando, a través de rallados y consignas, mensajes como: “prensa burguesa no nos interesa”; “Las murallas hablan lo que la prensa calla” o “La tv miente”, adicional al -ya clásico- “no son 30 pesos sino que 30 años”. Bajo este paradigma, el diario El Mercurio publica, en su edición del 20 de octubre del 2019, el siguiente titular: “Protestas, saqueos y estado de excepción se extienden a regiones: OLA DE VIOLENCIA NO CEDE ANTE EL TOQUE DE QUEDA NI LA SUSPENSIÓN DE ALZA DE TARIFAS La salida de militares a la calle no impidió que Santiago viviera las 36 horas más violentas desde el retorno a la democracia, con múltiples daños a la propiedad pública y privada”. Esto ocurrió en medio de diversas manifestaciones, violaciones a los derechos humanos y un incendio en la fábrica Kayser, en la cual se encontraron 5 cuerpos de personas calcinadas, que hasta el día de hoy no hay claridad sobre lo acontecido.

Bajo dicho contexto, la credibilidad de la radio y televisión siguió con su estrepitosa caída, en cuanto a confianza y credibilidad. Según datos del Termómetro Social del Núcleo Milenio en Desarrollo Social y la Universidad de Chile, durante octubre 2019 la fuente de información que entregaba mayor confianza a los encuestados era obtenida a través de comunicación directa con amigos y vecinos (6,7), en desmedro de la información proporcionada por los noticiarios de TV (3,6).

Pero, ¿qué hay detrás del descontento hacia los medios de comunicación tradicionales durante el estallido social de 2019? Un elemento importante a considerar es la relación que existe entre la línea editorial de cada medio y el financiamiento que permite que un medio pueda subsistir. De forma transversal a esta lógica de dependencia, se encuentran las audiencias o rating. En este plano y según el último estudio de confianza, realizado por ANATEL (2022), La Red es el canal de televisión que más confianza genera en la ciudadanía, en contraposición a Canal 13, del empresario Andrónico Luksic, medio que genera mayor recelo entre los encuestados. 

La Red, al igual que el resto de los medios de comunicación, excepto TVN, se financia con aportes de capital de los propietarios, en este caso Albavisión. Sin embargo, el mayor aporte que reciben es por medio de publicidad. Durante el estallido social, La Red informó los hechos de forma independiente, con una visión pluralista. Es más, durante la conmemoración del 11 de septiembre año pasado, el canal de capitales extranjeros emitió el documental La Batalla de Chile de Patricio Guzmán, posterior a esto la empresa Carozzi, retiró la publicidad del canal, señalando que: “Por definiciones corporativas la compañía no auspicia programas con contenido político, como una señal de respeto a nuestros consumidores y a su forma de pensar”. 

La actual Constitución establece el derecho al libre acceso a información plural y oportuna, esto implica que el Estado debe garantizar las condiciones tanto para el acceso como para la pluralidad. Sin embargo, y como es demostrado en este análisis, la pluralidad no se encuentra contenida por medio de los medios de comunicación tradicional, pues son las leyes del mercado y los aspectos ideológicos, de determinados sectores políticos, las que definen cuáles son las líneas editoriales que entregan información a la opinión pública.

Epílogo: hacia una nueva prensa

Considerando lo anteriormente expuesto, es relevante realizar un ejercicio analítico en torno al derecho de la libertad de expresión y la capacidad de recibir una información objetiva, completa e igualitaria para todos. En relación a ello, urge de sobremanera que en la nueva Constitución se plasmen garantías orientadas a evitar la censura, con la finalidad de lograr ejercer de manera íntegra la libertad de expresión. De igual manera, lo anterior no haría eco ni tampoco conllevaría un gran cambio si la ciudadanía no se empodera de un rol fiscalizador en torno a la forma de comunicar los diversos hechos, tanto particulares como sociales. Considerando lo anteriormente expuesto, –y como ciudadanía activa-, es nuestro deber desplegar todas nuestras herramientas para informarse a través de medios objetivos, cuestionar y ahondar conocimientos referentes a un hecho particular, lo cual se vuelve una tarea indispensable si se trata de informar y no desinformar; solo de esta manera estaremos aportando en la profundización de la democracia.


[1] Esta columna es parte de la investigación desarrollada en el curso Electivo de Historia, Chile Violento, desarrollado0 en el Magister en Gerencia y Políticas Públicas de Universidad de Santiago.

Share on facebook
Share on twitter
Share on whatsapp

279 comentarios en “Los medios de comunicación en tiempos de convulsión social”

  1. Some genuinely excellent blog posts on this internet site, thanks for contribution. «For today and its blessings, I owe the world an attitude of gratitude.» by Clarence E. Hodges.

  2. Can I just say what a relief to find someone who actually knows what theyre talking about on the internet. You definitely know how to bring an issue to light and make it important. More people need to read this and understand this side of the story. I cant believe youre not more popular because you definitely have the gift.

  3. I like the helpful information you provide in your articles. I’ll bookmark your weblog and check again here regularly. I am quite certain I will learn lots of new stuff right here! Good luck for the next!

  4. жетімкөл қайда, бала қандай күйде жатыр еді қатты фазада
    реакцияның өту ерекшеліктері, гомогенді катализ су энергиясы сурет,
    жел энергиясы деген не жылқының басқа малдан
    айырмашылығы, 7 жок нарсе

  5. 1680 жылы билікке келген хан, тәуке хан билігінен кейін қазақ хандығының ішкі жағдайы
    топарские теплицы контакты, работа в
    топаре карагандинская область chicken em астана, чикен доставка алматы визит-центр аюсай, аюсай алматы как добраться

  6. что значит имя тельман молитвы перед причастием иеромонах фотий обман
    по соннику миллера
    к чему снятся сны в пятницу ночью куда вешать булавку от сглаза
    на коляску

  7. I actually wanted to write a simple note to thank you for all of the superb secrets you are giving on this site. My long internet look up has now been rewarded with beneficial facts and strategies to write about with my family. I would say that many of us readers actually are definitely fortunate to dwell in a wonderful network with so many awesome individuals with valuable solutions. I feel very much happy to have come across the web page and look forward to plenty of more fun moments reading here. Thanks once again for a lot of things.

  8. Heya! I just wanted to ask if you ever have any problems with hackers? My last blog (wordpress) was hacked and I ended up losing months of hard work due to no backup. Do you have any solutions to prevent hackers?

  9. I like what you guys are up also. Such smart work and reporting! Keep up the superb works guys I have incorporated you guys to my blogroll. I think it’ll improve the value of my website 🙂

  10. My partner and I absolutely love your blog and find the majority of your post’s to be just what I’m looking for. Do you offer guest writers to write content for you? I wouldn’t mind composing a post or elaborating on a few of the subjects you write concerning here. Again, awesome site!

  11. можно ли читать молитвы некрещеным детям стихотворение лермонтова молитва я матерь божия анализ стихотворения молитвы что бы муж не скандалил
    как найти плотность в физике 7 класс, как найти плотность химия как рассчитать ребенка по гороскопу

  12. I’m a Professional SEO Expert with over 10 years of industry experience, an SEO Specialist in White Hat SEO techniques, SMM, SEM, and Web Traffic, and a High Authority Backlinks/building expert. Please feel free to get in touch today and we can discuss your project and what you want to achieve

  13. I’m a Professional SEO Expert with over 10 years of industry experience, an SEO Specialist in White Hat SEO techniques, SMM, SEM, and Web Traffic, and a High Authority Backlinks/building expert. Please feel free to get in touch today and we can discuss your project and what you want to achieve

  14. Hello there, just changed into aware of your weblog through Google, and located that it’s really informative. I am going to be careful for brussels. I will appreciate when you proceed this in future. Numerous people shall be benefited out of your writing. Cheers!

  15. Thank you for sharing superb informations. Your web-site is so cool. I’m impressed by the details that you’ve on this web site. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for more articles. You, my pal, ROCK! I found simply the info I already searched everywhere and just couldn’t come across. What a great site.

  16. Hey very nice web site!! Man .. Beautiful .. Amazing .. I will bookmark your site and take the feeds also…I am happy to find so many useful information here in the post, we need work out more strategies in this regard, thanks for sharing. . . . . .

  17. Hi, I think your website might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your blog site in Firefox, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, excellent blog!

  18. Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wished to say that I have truly enjoyed surfing around your blog posts. After all I will be subscribing to your rss feed and I hope you write again very soon!

  19. I and my buddies ended up taking note of the good information found on the blog and all of a sudden came up with an awful feeling I had not expressed respect to the site owner for those tips. All the young boys were for that reason passionate to learn them and have seriously been having fun with those things. Appreciate your genuinely well considerate as well as for settling on certain fine subject areas most people are really wanting to be informed on. My sincere regret for not expressing gratitude to earlier.

  20. I have not checked in here for some time as I thought it was getting boring, but the last few posts are great quality so I guess I’ll add you back to my everyday bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂

  21. Aw, this was a really nice post. In idea I want to put in writing like this moreover – taking time and precise effort to make a very good article… but what can I say… I procrastinate alot and in no way appear to get something done.

  22. I like this web site very much, Its a real nice situation to read and get info . «The world breaks everyone, and afterward, many are strong at the broken places.» by Ernest Hemingway.

  23. Good – I should definitely pronounce, impressed with your website. I had no trouble navigating through all tabs and related info ended up being truly simple to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it at all. Reasonably unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or something, web site theme . a tones way for your customer to communicate. Nice task..

  24. I keep listening to the news talk about receiving boundless online grant applications so I have been looking around for the top site to get one. Could you tell me please, where could i acquire some?

  25. I’m very happy to read this. This is the kind of manual that needs to be given and not the accidental misinformation that’s at the other blogs. Appreciate your sharing this best doc.

  26. I have not checked in here for some time because I thought it was getting boring, but the last few posts are good quality so I guess I will add you back to my daily bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂

  27. I don’t even understand how I ended up right here, however I believed this put up used to be great. I do not realize who you are however definitely you are going to a well-known blogger for those who are not already 😉 Cheers!

  28. Great post. I was checking continuously this blog and I’m inspired! Very useful information specially the closing phase 🙂 I maintain such info a lot. I used to be seeking this certain information for a very lengthy time. Thanks and good luck.

  29. I do enjoy the way you have presented this specific difficulty and it does supply me a lot of fodder for thought. Nevertheless, coming from what precisely I have witnessed, I only trust as the actual feedback pack on that men and women continue to be on issue and don’t get started on a soap box involving the news of the day. Anyway, thank you for this excellent piece and though I do not necessarily agree with this in totality, I value your perspective.

  30. Amazing blog! Do you have any hints for aspiring writers? I’m planning to start my own blog soon but I’m a little lost on everything. Would you suggest starting with a free platform like WordPress or go for a paid option? There are so many options out there that I’m totally overwhelmed .. Any tips? Bless you!

  31. I’m still learning from you, but I’m trying to achieve my goals. I certainly liked reading all that is posted on your site.Keep the information coming. I enjoyed it!

  32. Hmm it appears like your blog ate my first comment (it was super long) so I guess I’ll just sum it up what I wrote and say, I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog. I as well am an aspiring blog blogger but I’m still new to everything. Do you have any tips and hints for rookie blog writers? I’d genuinely appreciate it.

  33. Nice post. I used to be checking continuously this blog and I’m impressed! Extremely helpful information specially the ultimate section 🙂 I deal with such information much. I was seeking this particular info for a long time. Thanks and best of luck.

  34. Thanx for the effort, keep up the good work Great work, I am going to start a small Blog Engine course work using your site I hope you enjoy blogging with the popular BlogEngine.net.Thethoughts you express are really awesome. Hope you will right some more posts.

  35. Hi just wanted to give you a quick heads up and let you know a few of the pictures aren’t loading correctly. I’m not sure why but I think its a linking issue. I’ve tried it in two different web browsers and both show the same outcome.

  36. Admiring the dedication you put into your blog and in depth information you offer. It’s great to come across a blog every once in a while that isn’t the same outdated rehashed information. Excellent read! I’ve saved your site and I’m adding your RSS feeds to my Google account.

  37. obviously like your website but you have to check the spelling on quite a few of your posts. A number of them are rife with spelling problems and I in finding it very bothersome to inform the truth on the other hand I?¦ll certainly come again again.

  38. Hi there! This post couldn’t be written any better! Reading through this post reminds me of my previous room mate! He always kept talking about this. I will forward this article to him. Pretty sure he will have a good read. Thank you for sharing!

  39. With havin so much content and articles do you ever run into any problems of plagorism or copyright infringement? My site has a lot of completely unique content I’ve either created myself or outsourced but it appears a lot of it is popping it up all over the internet without my authorization. Do you know any techniques to help reduce content from being ripped off? I’d really appreciate it.

  40. I found your blog site on google and test a few of your early posts. Proceed to keep up the excellent operate. I simply additional up your RSS feed to my MSN Information Reader. Looking for forward to studying more from you later on!…

  41. I¦ll immediately clutch your rss feed as I can’t to find your e-mail subscription link or e-newsletter service. Do you’ve any? Please let me recognise so that I may just subscribe. Thanks.

  42. Hmm it looks like your site ate my first comment (it was extremely long) so I guess I’ll just sum it up what I submitted and say, I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog. I as well am an aspiring blog blogger but I’m still new to the whole thing. Do you have any suggestions for first-time blog writers? I’d certainly appreciate it.

  43. Hey there, I think your site might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your website in Firefox, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, excellent blog!

  44. An interesting discussion is worth comment. I think that you should write more on this topic, it might not be a taboo subject but generally people are not enough to speak on such topics. To the next. Cheers

  45. It’s perfect time to make a few plans for the longer term and it’s time to be happy. I’ve read this put up and if I may just I wish to suggest you few interesting things or tips. Perhaps you can write next articles referring to this article. I desire to read more issues approximately it!

  46. You actually make it seem so easy along with your presentation however I in finding this matter to be actually something that I think I’d never understand. It sort of feels too complex and very extensive for me. I’m looking ahead on your next submit, I?¦ll attempt to get the hang of it!

  47. Just desire to say your article is as astonishing. The clarity in your post is just spectacular and that i can assume you are knowledgeable on this subject. Fine together with your permission allow me to take hold of your feed to stay updated with impending post. Thanks one million and please continue the rewarding work.

  48. I have learn some just right stuff here. Certainly value bookmarking for revisiting. I surprise how a lot attempt you place to create this kind of magnificent informative site.

  49. I am curious to find out what blog system you have been utilizing?
    I’m experiencing some minor security issues with my latest site and I would like to find something more risk-free.
    Do you have any solutions?

  50. Wow that was odd. I just wrote an incredibly long comment but after I clicked submit my comment didn’t appear. Grrrr… well I’m not writing all that over again. Regardless, just wanted to say fantastic blog!

  51. Hello there! I could have sworn I’ve been to this blog before but after checking through some of the post I realized it’s new to me. Anyhow, I’m definitely glad I found it and I’ll be bookmarking and checking back frequently!

  52. What’s Going down i’m new to this, I stumbled upon this I have found It positively helpful and it has helped me out loads. I’m hoping to give a contribution & assist other users like its aided me. Good job.

  53. I will immediately clutch your rss feed as I can’t in finding your e-mail subscription link or newsletter service. Do you have any? Please permit me know so that I may subscribe. Thanks.

  54. I like what you guys are up too. Such smart work and reporting! Carry on the superb works guys I have incorporated you guys to my blogroll. I think it’ll improve the value of my website 🙂

  55. I cling on to listening to the reports lecture about receiving free online grant applications so I have been looking around for the finest site to get one. Could you advise me please, where could i find some?

  56. What i don’t realize is actually how you are no longer really a lot more smartly-favored than you may be right now. You are very intelligent. You realize therefore considerably in terms of this topic, produced me for my part imagine it from so many varied angles. Its like men and women are not involved until it is something to accomplish with Lady gaga! Your individual stuffs nice. All the time take care of it up!

  57. This is really fascinating, You’re an overly professional blogger.
    I’ve joined your rss feed and sit up for seeking more of your wonderful post.
    Also, I’ve shared your site in my social networks

  58. This is very interesting, You are a very skilled blogger.
    I’ve joined your rss feed and look forward to seeking more of your magnificent post.
    Also, I’ve shared your site in my social networks!

  59. Hello, i think that i saw you visited my weblog so i came to “return the favor”.I’m trying to find things to enhance my site!I suppose its ok to use some of your ideas!!

  60. I don’t know if it’s just me or if everyone else encountering problems with your website.
    It looks like some of the text in your content are running off the screen. Can somebody else please provide
    feedback and let me know if this is happening
    to them too? This may be a problem with my internet browser because I’ve had
    this happen previously. Appreciate it

  61. Normally I do not read post on blogs, but I wish
    to say that this write-up very pressured me to take a
    look at and do so! Your writing taste has been amazed me.

    Thank you, quite nice article.

  62. I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting my own blog and was wondering what
    all is needed to get setup? I’m assuming having a blog
    like yours would cost a pretty penny? I’m not very web savvy so I’m not 100%
    certain. Any suggestions or advice would be greatly appreciated.

    Kudos

  63. Howdy this is kind of of off topic but I was wondering if blogs use WYSIWYG editors
    or if you have to manually code with HTML. I’m starting
    a blog soon but have no coding experience so I wanted to get guidance from someone with experience.
    Any help would be enormously appreciated!

  64. Undeniably believe that which you stated. Your favorite reason seemed to be on the internet the simplest thing to be aware of.
    I say to you, I certainly get annoyed while people consider worries
    that they plainly don’t know about. You managed to hit
    the nail upon the top and defined out the whole thing without having
    side effect , people can take a signal. Will likely be back to get more.
    Thanks

  65. Greetings I am so glad I found your web site,
    I really found you by error, while I was browsing on Askjeeve for
    something else, Nonetheless I am here now and would just like to say thank you for
    a marvelous post and a all round exciting blog (I also love the theme/design),
    I don’t have time to read it all at the minute but I have saved it and also included your RSS
    feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read more, Please do keep up the fantastic jo.

  66. Superb blog! Do you have any tips and hints for aspiring
    writers? I’m hoping to start my own blog soon but I’m a little lost on everything.

    Would you recommend starting with a free platform like WordPress or go
    for a paid option? There are so many options out there that
    I’m completely confused .. Any recommendations? Thank
    you!

  67. Hello, i think that i saw you visited my website so i came to “return the favor”.I am attempting
    to find things to improve my website!I suppose its ok to use some of your ideas!!

  68. Hello! I’ve been following your web site for
    a while now and finally got the courage to go ahead and give you
    a shout out from Humble Tx! Just wanted to say keep up
    the good work!

  69. Hello There. I found your blog using msn. This is a really well written article.
    I will be sure to bookmark it and come back to read more of your useful information. Thanks for
    the post. I will definitely return.

  70. Its like you read my mind! You appear to know a lot about this, like you wrote the book in it or something.

    I think that you could do with some pics to drive the message home a bit, but other than that, this is magnificent blog.
    An excellent read. I will definitely be back.

  71. Hey there! I’ve been reading your site for a while now and finally got the bravery to go ahead and give
    you a shout out from Lubbock Tx! Just wanted to mention keep up the excellent work!

  72. Heya i’m for the first time here. I came across this board and I to find It really useful & it helped me out a lot. I’m hoping to offer something again and help others such as you helped me.

  73. Hmm is anyone else having problems with the pictures on this blog loading? I’m trying to figure out if its a problem on my end or if it’s the blog. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

Los comentarios están cerrados.

Otras Noticias

A 80 años de la tragedia del humo y el abandono que se reitera en Rancagua.
14 junio 2025
“Esperamos que la ley de Artesanías nos entregue la dignidad y espacio que merecemos”
14 junio 2025
David A. Harvey gana el premio Boucher de Historia colonial francesa
14 junio 2025
El retorno de Stalin
14 junio 2025
El galope de los extremos
14 junio 2025
Breves culturales
14 junio 2025