78 iniciativas populares de norma ingresarán directamente a discusión en la Convención Constitucional, luego de obtener 15 mil o más respaldos de la ciudadanía. En el camino, se quedaron varias, aunque brillaron por su originalidad.
Por Claudio Urtubia Cornejo
Casi un millón de chilen@s participaron en la formulación de iniciativas populares de norma, diseñándolas o respaldándolas, con lo que 78 de las casi 2.500 propuestas ingresadas en la plataforma habilitada por la Convención Constitucional cumplieron con el requisito mínimo de apoyos.
La iniciativa popular de norma es un mecanismo definido por la Convención que permitió a quien tuviera una propuesta de contenido constitucional someterla a la opinión de la ciudadanía, a través de la plataforma digital que el organismo dispuso. Con al menos 15 mil respaldos de chilen@s debidamente identificados, las 78 iniciativas que cumplieron con el requisito están en disposición de ser revisadas por la Convención en sus comisiones y, si son aprobadas en ese primer nivel, en el pleno.
Agrupadas por áreas temáticas, en las 78 propuestas captaron mayor interés las de ambiente, agua y derechos de animales (10), educación (9), inclusión y género (5), libertad religiosa y de conciencia (5), economía (4), afp y previsión, tradiciones y salud (3 cada una); aborto (a favor y en contra), discapacidad y sistema de cuidados (2 cada una).
También las hay para consumo de cannabis, eliminación de tags en autopistas, derechos de niñ@s autistas, reconocimiento de bomberos y quizás la más controvertida de todas, la que propone prisión para el presidente Piñera por su responsabilidad en violaciones de derechos humanos durante el estallido social.
En las semanas que siguen, las 78 iniciativas serán sometidas a las distintas comisiones, según el área de temática a que se refieren, y en caso de que allí sean aprobadas luego de la discusión, deben ser sometidas al pleno, instancia en la que se aplica el quorum de los dos tercios. Esto quiere decir que para ser incorporadas a la constitución, requieren el respaldo de un mínimo de 103 convencionales.
Curiosidades en las iniciativas populares
Abierta de par en par la puerta a la participación masiva, el tono y foco de las iniciativas populares ingresadas a la plataforma de la Convención, fue variado y original. Nada extraño si tenemos en cuenta que bajo este techo, vivimos gente de todos los colores. Destacamos algunas de esas iniciativas que, en todo caso, no contaron con los mínimos respaldos para avanzar en su revisión.
Hubo quien pidió definir primero qué es lo humano, recordando que en Saudi Arabia le concedieron nacionalidad a un robot. O quien, preocupado por la igualdad en el trato, propuso “trato digno para las personas de todas las tallas y tamaños”.
En educación, las iniciativas recogieron la preocupación de compatriotas que quisieron asegurar que todos aprendamos francés, que Chile disponga de una ley de educación emocional o que la formación en los primeros años sea con la metodología Montessori.
A nivel de derechos de mascotas, una propuesta dio un paso más allá de declararlas “sujetos” y planteó la opción de un sistema de salud veterinaria pública, algo así como un Fonasa para animales domésticos.
Y como el sobrepeso es un problema admitido por moros y cristianos, también se levantó una propuesta que combina la solución a ese problema con energía sustentable: que las compañías eléctricas entreguen bicicletas elípticas y estáticas a personas obesas para que generen electricidad mientras pedalean.
En lo emocional, nada mejor orientado que la iniciativa de quien pidió que el estado asuma el deber de gestionar la felicidad de las personas.
Y un esforzado dirigente social, quizás cansado de dejar los pies en la calle en favor de sus vecinos, pidió que el estado brinde un apoyo mínimo permanente a las juntas de vecinos.
Y tratándose de autonomía territorial, otra iniciativa nos quiere quitar parte de nuestra región, con la creación de una nueva región de los vinos que comprenda Curicó y Colchagua. Y al territorio nacional pudo haber tenido una mascada: independencia de isla Mocha, frente a Tirúa, respecto del estado de Chile.
78 comentarios en “Un millón de chilen@s presentaron propuestas para la nueva constitución”
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