Bestia es parte de un corpus de obras que hacen el trabajo de memoria y traen de vuelta o presentan por primera vez, a las generaciones más jóvenes, estas historias que son fuertes, pero necesarias. Para quienes se preguntan, ¿para qué desenterrar el pasado?, la respuesta es simple: para que las generaciones futuras no cometan los mismos errores, para que nunca más en Chile tengamos una dictadura.
Por A.C. Mercado-Harvey
La semana pasada nos enteramos que el cortometraje Bestia (2021) de Hugo Covarrubias es el segundo filme chileno de este tipo nominado al Óscar de la Academia de Artes y Ciencias Cinematográficas de Hollywood, el premio más prestigioso y conocido en el mundo del cine. Este corto, pese a ser animado, no es apto para niños, ya que toca una temática terrorífica de nuestra historia: la tortura. He aquí la efectividad del cortometraje: tomar un medio comúnmente usado para los más pequeños y usarlo para una película de terror, pero no de un terror ficticio sino para contar un horror real, histórico y pasado. La yuxtaposición de una estética infantil y el terror de una realidad tan tremenda como la tortura produce un efecto de “extrañamiento”, un término que indica las recepciones sobre formas artísticas para hacerlas extrañas a su naturaleza. En el caso de Bestia, esto se logra al utilizar un medio como la animación para crear una obra que narra una terrorífica historia verdadera. Esto provoca un efecto de desfamiliarización en el espectador que se ve descolocado entre la estética presentada y el contenido de la animación. Covarrubias, además, logra un look particular con la utilización de modelos de plástico y cartón que se ven primitivos o naif, con elementos de gran sofisticación como la imitación de muñecas de porcelana alemanas. Hay que destacar que el ambiente de los ochenta, su estética y su materialidad están logrados hasta los detalles más mínimos: la casa, la ropa, la radio, los platos, etc.
La falta de diálogo es otro poderoso elemento que permite el enfoque del espectador en las imágenes, gestos y detalles que normalmente pasan desapercibidos en una película hablada. La experiencia sensorial que se consigue en Bestia está cuidadosamente planeada por medio de los detalles de sonido, colores y hasta los ladridos del perro. Otro punto que le da particular calidad al cortometraje es que, pese a ser un corto animado, no presenta una caricatura de la torturadora Ingrid Olderöck. Por el contrario, aparece como un personaje atormentado por pesadillas, solitario y con una vida monótona. De hecho, el aparecer como víctima de un atentado por querer revelar secretos de la DINA, solo la humaniza y le da una dimensión mucho mayor que si se hubiese presentado solo como una mujer malvada y miserable. La complejización del personaje hace que el cortometraje logre la calidad artística que tiene.
Especial mención merecen las pesadillas de la protagonista que recuerdan al surrealismo y a la estética de Buñuel y Dalí. La desintegración de elementos, la sangre y la decapitación son símbolos de gran potencia que nos adentran en el mundo atormentado de Ingrid Olderöck, lo cual hace más denso el personaje en vez de caricaturizarlo. Hay detalles de gran simbolismo como el orificio en la cabeza de muñeca del personaje, las víctimas sobre las nubes y la paloma de la paz en el diario que llevaba la protagonista cuando otro agente de la DINA le dispara en la calle. La directora artística del corto, Constanza Wette, ha señalado que su trabajo se centró en la materialidad de los objetos que se ven en cada escena y los planos. Wette proviene del mundo del teatro, pero pronto se interesó en el trabajo de la animación y en la técnica del stop motion, utilizada en Bestia.
Ofelia Ferrán, una académica española, escribió hace unos años un libro sobre el trabajo de memoria en la literatura española de la generación que se ha denominado de la posmemoria. Allí, Ferrán afirma que el trauma es inaccesible de modo directo, pero que al mismo tiempo está forzosamente presente. Durante la posmodernidad han aparecido una serie de estudios sobre el trauma, llegando a lo que se ha denominado “literatura del trauma”. En Chile tenemos una serie de autores de la misma generación de Covarrubias, nacidos a fines de los 70, que eran demasiado pequeños para recordar bien la dictadura, la que, no obstante, fue parte de su niñez, y que han escrito obras que se podrían considerar dentro del corpus de nuestra literatura del trauma. Esto ha significado que estos autores conecten sus obras con ese período de la primera y segunda infancia con la exploración del trauma nacional de la dictadura. Autores como Álvaro Bisama y Alejandro Zambra han explorado esto en sus obras, volviendo al pasado. En el caso de Bisama, también explora el pasado desde el terror en su obra Caja negra (2006). En estos textos híbridos el escritor imagina una serie de películas de horror y programas televisivos. Dentro de ellos, aparece uno con unos títeres terroríficos que recuerdan bastante a la estética de Bestia. Esta sintonía responde a la exploración del trauma para estos autores que tuvieron una conciencia lejana de la dictadura, pero que igualmente marcó sus vidas. Esa experiencia ha producido un sentido de preservación de la memoria histórica del trauma. Como ha declarado el mismo Covarrubias a Deutsche Welle: “mostrar la existencia de este tipo de personas es trascendente, sobre todo para los escépticos. Hay muchas personas que todavía no creen que las torturas ocurrieron en Chile. Entonces, cuando se hace un corto que narra una historia macabra y detrás hay una investigación completa, amparada por un libro que relata en detalle los horrores del personaje, más de alguno termina por convencerse».
De este modo, Bestia es parte de un corpus de obras que hacen el trabajo de memoria y traen de vuelta o presentan por primera vez, a las generaciones más jóvenes, estas historias que son fuertes, pero necesarias. Ya sabemos lo que ocurre con sociedades sin memoria ni justicia como Brasil o España. Por eso, es necesario no solo ver el corto, disponible en Vimeo (https://vimeo.com/ondemand/bestia), sino leer el libro de Nancy Guzmán:Ingrid Olderöck: la mujer de los perros (2014), quien le hizo una serie de entrevistas a esta excarabinero y agente de la DINA que nunca fue llevada a la justicia por sus crímenes y que murió en 2001 en total impunidad. Como sociedad, este es nuestro trabajo de memoria: recordar, no dejar que el olvido perpetúe la impunidad. Para quienes se preguntan, ¿para qué desenterrar el pasado?, la respuesta es simple: para que las generaciones futuras no cometan los mismos errores, para que nunca más en Chile tengamos una dictadura. La inestabilidad de la democracia brasileña está en directa relación con no haber llevado a juicio ni a militares ni a torturadores. Los fantasmas recurrentes de la Guerra Civil Española y la dictadura de Franco están también en relación con el “pacto del olvido” español que también significó nula justicia. Eso es lo que hay que evitar en Chile y por eso una obra como Bestia es tan necesaria e importante, gane o no el Óscar.
63 comentarios en “Bestia, impactante e imprescindible aporte a la memoria”
Well I sincerely enjoyed studying it. This article offered by you is very constructive for good planning.
I’m extremely impressed with your writing skills and also with the layout on your weblog. Is this a paid theme or did you customize it yourself? Either way keep up the excellent quality writing, it is rare to see a nice blog like this one these days..
certainly like your web site but you have to check the spelling on quite a few of your posts. Many of them are rife with spelling issues and I in finding it very bothersome to tell the reality then again I will definitely come again again.
Howdy, i read your blog occasionally and i own a similar one and i was just wondering if you get a lot of spam responses? If so how do you protect against it, any plugin or anything you can advise? I get so much lately it’s driving me mad so any support is very much appreciated.
This blog is definitely rather handy since I’m at the moment creating an internet floral website – although I am only starting out therefore it’s really fairly small, nothing like this site. Can link to a few of the posts here as they are quite. Thanks much. Zoey Olsen
I believe this web site contains very fantastic pent written content posts.
I’m really enjoying the design and layout of your site. It’s a very easy on the eyes which makes it much more enjoyable for me to come here and visit more often. Did you hire out a designer to create your theme? Superb work!
I may need your help. I tried many ways but couldn’t solve it, but after reading your article, I think you have a way to help me. I’m looking forward for your reply. Thanks.
Wonderful post but I was wondering if you could write a litte more on this topic? I’d be very grateful if you could elaborate a little bit further. Cheers!
Just desire to say your article is as astonishing. The clearness in your post is simply excellent and i can assume
you are an expert on this subject. Fine with your permission let
me to grab your feed to keep updated with forthcoming post.
Thanks a million and please carry on the gratifying work.
Everything is very open with a precise description of the
issues. It was really informative. Your site is useful.
Thanks for sharing!
I’ve bewn typing up geeky requires due to the fact 2009, eventually landing a
freelancing position at PCMag.
My web site 동행스피드키노
Hey There. I found your blog using msn. This is an extremely well written article.
I’ll be sure to bookmark it and come back to read more of your useful info.
Thanks for the post. I’ll definitely return.
Dr. Joo Kwon, the CEO of JK Plastic Surgery Center, 1 of the biggest surgery clinics in South Korea and the only clinic officially accredited by the Soith Korean government, expressed this attitude plainly.
Also visit my site :: 레깅스 알바
Then look for a running list of publications in the University Occasions just abkut
every ttwo weeks.
Also visit my blog … 이지알바
There’s commonly a final due date for when the loan desires
to be paid back in its entirety.
Stop by my webpage 기타대출
Now the number of shelter residents hovers around 50,000, according to thhe city’s
Department of Homeless Solutions.
Review mmy blog post; 여자알바
Hi colleagues, how is everything, and what you want to say about this post, in my view its truly awesome designed for me.
Over two-thirds off gamblin income came from lotteries ($24.four billion) iin fiscal year
2021.
my web page: 바카라
There’s definately a lot to learn about this issue.
I love all the points you’ve made.
Thank you for some other great article. Where else could anyone get that type of information in such an ideal means of writing?
I have a presentation subsequent week, and I am on the look for such info.
Note that you will not be charged further for resending
the tickets.
Here is my web page … site
Can I show my graceful appreciation and with heart reach out
really good stuff and if you want to have a checkout
Let me tell you a brief about how to get connected to girls for free I
am always here for yall you know that right?
I pay a visit day-to-day a few web pages and websites to read content,
but this webpage provides feature based writing.
OMG! This is amazing. Ireally appreciate it~ May I finally give back a secret only I KNOW and if you
want to really findout? You really have to believe mme
and have faith and I will show how to become a millionaire Once again I want
to show my appreciation and may all the blessing goes to you now!.
With our knowledge, DeFi lottery platforms can unnlock their organization worth.
My web blog – site
Let me give you a thumbs up man. Can I tell you exactly how to do amazing values and if you want to have a checkout and also
share valuable info about how to get connected to girls easily and quick
yalla lready know follow me my fellow commenters!.
Tracking your period isn’tjust about understanding the cycle, but aoso the
other things surrounding it.
my web site … 파워볼게임
If you are a neww player and stepped into the casino games zone forr
the initial time ever, TheOnlineCasino™ will have you playing inside
seconds.
my blog – web site
Method personnel could give tto law enforcement officials any prospective proof of crime discovered on U.S.
Feel free to surf too my webpage :: 무직자대출
Hi there to all, how is the whole thing, I think every one is
getting more from this site, and your views are pleasant in favor of new people.
Arizton comprises a team off exuberant and properly-seasoned
analysts who have mastered producing incisive reports.
Here is my website: check here
It also presents a 24/7 bonus tto its “loyal soldiers.” Right click here, you can get varying bonus
percentages based on your deposit worth.
Some sports are great for live betting and these are the sports thst takee pleasure
in the most markets.
Feel frtee to surf to my site … click here
We will need too have to have access to your title ffor us to run a credit check.
my website: 대출 뱅크
Her position regarding kundergartens is shared by two thirds of
the Dutch.
Also visit my webpage 유흥알바
In truth, to be eligible for Social Safety, you
will neewd to acrue a total of 40 function credits in your lifetime.
Here is my blog … 이지알바
Meanwhile, being a parent, particularly a mother, has
become a lot more intensive.
Also visiit my homepage; 룸알바
Early morning hours is the correct time to nnet massive wins
at Yaamava’ Resort and Casino at Saan Manuel.
Take a look at my blog post :: website
Statistics for Asia’s fourth-biggest economy showed that there are about 27.52 million people employed in 2021, according too Statista.
Also visitt my blog post :: 여성알바
«The government rightly wants to see the economy develop,»
the Cranfield researchers explain.
Feel free to surf to my page – web page
But that does noot necessarily imply that they aare the extremely very best all
round.
My page ::caryf.frewwebs.com
For instance, will you be applying for a secured loan or an unsecured loan?
Herre is my blog post 저신용자대출
As quickly as you set foot inn Pennsylvania you can commence
playing in actual revenue games.
Look into my site website
Bovada covers a wide range of sprts (over 30), offering parlays, straight bets, futures, if bets,
props, and tezsers on all obtainable sports.
Also visit my webpage – 토토사이트목록
It is a sescure and fair betting platform with wonderful coverage and
bonuses for both new and existing players.
Take a look at my wweb page; more info
The United Kingdom has a large betting market place,
thanks tto just how to open regulations and thee law around betting aare in Europe.
Feel free to visit my web site :: http://www.preziosaintimo.com
Attractive section of content. I just stumbled upon your website and in accession capital
to assert that I get actually enjoyed account your blog posts.
Anyway I’ll be subscribing to your feeds and even I achievement you access consistently fast.
you could have an ideal blog right here! would you like to make some invite posts on my blog?
As you mmay perhaps have seen we talk a lot about wagering requiirement
when it comes to casino bonuses.
my website … website
Hi! This is my 1st comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and say I genuinely enjoy reading your articles. Can you recommend any other blogs/websites/forums that deal with the same subjects? Thank you so much!
I am regular visitor, how are you everybody? This piece of writing posted at this web page is in fact
good.
Hello Dear, are you in fact visiting this website regularly, if
so then you will without doubt take pleasant experience.
I couldn’t resist commenting
I am extremely impressed with your writing skills as well as with the layout on your weblog.
Is this a paid theme or did you modify it yourself? Either
way keep up the nice quality writing, it’s rare to see a
great blog like this one these days.
This site certainly has all of the information and facts I needed concerning this subject and didn’t know who to
ask.
I am sure this post has touched all the internet viewers,
its really really fastidious paragraph on building up new weblog.
Today, I went to the beachfront with my kids.
I found a sea shell and gave it to my 4 year old
daughter and said «You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear.» She placed the shell to
her ear and screamed. There was a hermit crab inside
and it pinched her ear. She never wants to go back!
LoL I know this is completely off topic but I had to tell someone!
This is a topic that’s close to my heart… Many thanks! Where are your contact details though?
Hi my loved one! I want to say that this post is awesome, great written and include approximately all vital infos.
I would like to see more posts like this .
Wonderful site you have here but I was curious
if you knew of any message boards that cover the same topics talked about
here? I’d really love to be a part of group where I can get
suggestions from other knowledgeable individuals that share the same interest.
If you have any suggestions, please let me know.
Many thanks!
Thank you a lot for sharing this with all folks you
actually recognize what you’re talking about! Bookmarked.
Please additionally talk over with my site =). We will have a hyperlink exchange arrangement among us
Wonderful site. A lot of useful information here. I¦m sending it to several pals ans also sharing in delicious. And certainly, thank you in your effort!