Por mucho que nos duela el resultado del plebiscito del 4 de septiembre, reconocemos que todos l@s chilen@s, l@s que votaron Rechazo y l@s que votaron Apruebo, aman a su país, y quieren lo mejor para su futuro. Invitamos a tod@s a celebrar con sus seres queridos, a conversar, y a escuchar—realmente escuchar—, incluso a l@s que piensan diferente. Si nos esforzamos en debatir sin insultos, a escuchar tanto o más que hablar, y a buscar acuerdos y objetivos comunes, encontraremos el camino hacia un futuro mejor para Chile.
David Allen Harvey
¿Habrá algo más chileno que una fonda? Aunque los platos típicos de las Fiestas Patrias no son únicos a Chile (las parrilladas también son típicas de Argentina y de Uruguay, los anticuchos y las empanadas, derivadas de la gastronomía árabe, se comen en muchos países, etc.), la combinación de platos y el ambiente que se vive alrededor del Dieciocho son bien características de Chile. La fonda, como dice el lema de la cerveza Cristal, es algo única, grande, y (si me permiten, como extranjero residente) nuestra. Entre otras cosas, la fonda es un lugar de encuentro. Los capitalinos y los provincianos, la juventud y la tercera edad, l@s cuic@s y los flaites, l@s chilen@s y l@s extranjer@s son tod@s bienvenid@s a compartir una gran mesa, y l@s desconocid@s se hacen amig@s mientras tod@s comen y beben en exceso. Después del plebiscito del 4 de septiembre, el reencuentro nacional que representa la fonda es justamente lo que necesitan l@s chilen@s.
Creo que no es traicionar confidencias admitir que el comité editorial del Regionalista, individualmente y como grupo, se las jugó por el Apruebo y, por lo tanto, las últimas dos semanas nos han servido un trago amargo, y al tomarlo, hemos conversado y meditado sobre las razones de la derrota. Algunas reflexiones ya han aparecido en este medio, y otras vendrán en seguida, y recomiendo a nuestros lectores leer las impresiones diversas de nuestros colaboradores, que tienen distintos puntos de vistasobre la Convención Constitucional, los resultados del plebiscito, y los caminos a seguir por el futuro. En esta reflexión, daré algunas de mis impresiones sobre lo que el plebiscito nos dice de la identidad chilena y la visión de país que tienen l@s chilen@s.
L@s chilen@s no tienen el nacionalismo bombástico que tienen, por ejemplo, l@s argentin@s o l@s norteamerican@s. La mayoría bailan cueca precisamente una vez al año, y muchos con la gracia de Ricardo Lagos Weber. Con la excepción del Dieciocho, las banderas y el himno nacional (más gritado que cantado) aparecen principalmente en los partidos de la Roja. El cóndor del escudo nacional es mucho menos difundido que Condorito. Pero l@s chilen@s sí tienen una identidad bien definida y un apego a los símbolos patrios. Me atrevo decir que la designación de Chile como “país plurinacional” fue una de las razones del Rechazo, y que la profanación de la bandera en un acto del Apruebo en Valparaíso hizo un daño inmenso a las fortunas electorales de la nueva Constitución.
La chilenidad, por lo tanto, existe. Pero es difícil definirla, porque Chile es, si no un país plurinacional, por lo menos un país pluricultural, o más exactamente, un país híbrido en evolución constante. En el fondo, la base de la cultura chilena es una fusión de elementos españoles e indígenas, sobre todo mapuche y, pase lo que pase con la Constitución, Chile tiene una deuda pendiente con sus pueblos originarios que habrá que enfrentar con un espíritu de generosidad, de tolerancia, y de comprensión. Pero este fondo cultural mestizo ha sido modificado a lo largo de los dos siglos de su existencia por distintas olas de inmigración. Tanto como l@s argentin@s (en la frase muy comentada del presidente Alberto Fernández), l@s chilen@s también descendieron de los barcos. La mesa nacional, desde la gran fonda hasta las casas particulares, lo señala. Los alemanes aportaron los küchen y la cerveza, l@s italian@s los tallerines, los franceses el vino, y los ingleses el té. Últimamente, han llegado el sushi y las arepas, y la chilenidad ha cambiado con cada ola de nuevos chilen@s. La última elección presidencial, en la cual un descendiente de inmigrantes croatas venció al hijo de inmigrantes alemanes, también señala el punto. Si la chilenidad tiene raíces profundas en la tierra, estas raíces han sido nutridas y modificadas por las sucesivas olas de “nuev@s chilen@s.”
El mismo himno nacional proclama que Chile es un país de inmigrantes. “Un asilo contra la opresión” implica la llegada de exiliad@s y refugiad@s de otros países, porque uno no busca el asilo en su propia tierra. Como extranjero en Chile, puedo constatar que l@s chilen@s son, en general, un pueblo acogedor y hospitalario. Los inmigrantes recientes, con los cuales he conversado, como mis vecinos venezolanos y mi amiga colombiana, han confirmado mi impresión. Aunque a veces han pasado malos ratos, todos dicen que Chile los recibió con los brazos abiertos y que les ha dado oportunidades que no tuvieron en sus propias tierras. La violencia antiinmigrante, que se vio hace poco en el norte, provocó mucha indignación porque fue tan contraria a las tradiciones y valores chilenos. Más que nada, demostró la ausencia del estado en los espacios públicos del país, legado de los errores del gobierno anterior, y es de esperar que, con buenas políticas públicas, se podrá construir un proceso ordenado de inmigración que abra las fronteras a l@s inmigrantes honest@s y trabajadores y las cierre a l@s delincuentes. Ojalá que Chile siempre sea, para los desamparados, para los que quieren aportar con su trabajo y con sus talentos, que quieren compartir nuestras alegrías y nuestras tristezas, un asilo contra la opresión.
El comité editorial y los colaboradores de El Regionalista les desean a tod@s nuestr@s lectores unas muy felices Fiestas Patrias. Por mucho que nos duela el resultado del plebiscito del 4 de septiembre, reconocemos que todos l@s chilen@s, l@s que votaron Rechazo y l@s que votaron Apruebo, aman a su país, y quieren lo mejor para su futuro. Invitamos a tod@s a celebrar con sus seres queridos, a conversar, y a escuchar—realmente escuchar—, incluso a l@s que piensan diferente. Si nos esforzamos en debatir sin insultos, a escuchar tanto o más que hablar, y a buscar acuerdos y objetivos comunes, encontraremos el camino hacia un futuro mejor para Chile.
99 comentarios en “En busca de la chilenidad: impresiones diversas posplebiscito”
Muy interesante artículo. Podemos conseguir unidad como pueblo, reconociendo que somos hijos de muchos pueblos,mayoritariamente sí de los originarios. Lo que es difícil es que esa unidad se articule en base al interés del 1 por ciento de la población. Eso, seguiría siendo fuente de problemas sociales que llaman a la violencia y no a la paz.
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