La poesía es colectiva y leer es vivir dos veces

Un contrapunto de poesía y novela; desde la lluvia al desierto o la vida misma. Es lo que nos trajo la Feria del Libro de O’Higgins de la mano de Hernán Rivera Letelier y Leonel Lienlaf, actividad pionera organizada por la Seremi de las Culturas y la Municipalidad de Rancagua.

Pepe Acosta Contreras

Rancagua de calor y esperanzas, noviembre 2022

La reciente Feria del Libro de O’Higgins, organizada por la Seremi de las Culturas, las Artes y el Patrimonio junto a la Municipalidad de Rancagua, sin duda marcará un antes y un después en la ciudad y en la región. Como lo fue, según recuerdo, la feria del libro de Santiago; que comenzó en el parque frente a la estación Mapocho donde luego se radicó y creció con el tiempo. Digo esto porque no faltarán voces que dirán que estuvo “pobre”, que el lugar no era el adecuado o yo qué sé. La cuestión es que siempre, para muchas y muchos, será más fácil el conventilleo y la crítica fácil, que el reconocer, como me dijo mi amiga y escritora valenciana, Mireya Machi, “parece que están pasando cosas culturales en Rancagua”. Y parece que así es: evento infantil en la Casa de la Cultura, final del campeonato de cueca libre del ya clásico Chile Canta a Chile en el Teatro Lucho Gatica, tocatas en varios barrios, documentales por aquí y por allá; todo ello sin duda augura un mejor futuro. Por ahora, chapó a quienes están haciendo que las cosas pasen, no sólo en Rancagua, sino en todo el territorio de la región.

Leonel Lienlaf, poeta y músico mapuche (Alepue, 1969), relata al momento de comentar su procedencia “soy de la parte norte de Valdivia, cerca del mar y de la lluvia”. Cerca de esa misma lluvia que en su poesía le habla “…con frescura. Me mira desde el suelo empapado, luego se desliza por mi espíritu hasta el otro lado del tiempo.”

Lienlaf, Premio Municipal de Literatura de Santiago, de negro riguroso, abrió los fuegos con el canto mapuche de llegada a un lugar; “es que la poesía es un espacio bien especial; a diferencia de otras narrativas que están ligadas al libro como concepto escrito, como concepto de lecto-escritura, la poesía siempre ha ido entre la oralidad y la filosofía”.

Su primer poemario Se ha despertado el ave de mi corazón (1989), escrito en ambas lenguas, marcó al poeta; “hago poesía bilingüe porque creo que debemos aceptar nuestras diferencias sin negarnos”. Es más, reconoce la mayor complejidad del mapuzungun: “el cultivo del idioma, el lenguaje que ha desarrollado el pueblo mapuche, como lo hablamos hoy, tiene un desarrollo de seis mil o más años, que no los tiene el castellano, que es un idioma en formación.” El mapuzungun, a su juicio, “tiene una estructura más antigua y eso define la complejidad del idioma; es mucho más concreto y más preciso y esto quiere decir que hay más palabras para definir situaciones concretas; por ejemplo, una para el tío por parte de padre y otra palabra, para el tío por parte de madre. Lo mismo con el resto de los parientes de una familia, donde el linaje importa, o un árbol, que, dependiendo del contexto, puede ser descrito con más de un término para definirlo”.

Sobre la poesía, la declara como “universal y el pueblo mapuche no ha sido una excepción”. Continua su relato con entusiasmo: “hay una percepción, en el mundo occidental donde nos movemos, que la literatura es un invento reciente; sin embargo, todo lo que tiene que ver con la palabra, es desde siempre. Lo complejo y difícil de aceptar, agrega, es el concepto político; “que exista una poesía mapuche, ya que ésta existe, en cuanto existe un pueblo mapuche; tal como existe una poesía alemana o quechua, porque existen un pueblo alemán y un pueblo quechua”.

Valora este tipo de eventos y celebra que Rancagua, que no visitaba hace más de 20 años, empiece a realizar estas ferias o eventos que define como “los rituales necesarios donde la poesía se mueve”, porque al final “la poesía es colectiva; hay un movimiento, una necesidad, un acercarse, un entender, aunque esto cueste”. Algo que se mueve como en el cierre de su poema Confusión:

“Mi pensamiento vaga buscándome la mente

entre las paredes de edificios iluminados y fríos.

Mi boca corre tras sus palabras

que huyen y yo me quedo aquí

sin nada, sin comprender”

El pampino que escribe hacia el lado

Hernán Rivera Letelier (Talca, 1950) a estas alturas del partido, es un verdadero superstar; el espacio que rodeaba al escenario levantado en la plaza de Los Héroes se llenó para escuchar su mensaje y las muchas anécdotas del reciente premio nacional de literatura y luego, la fila de más de cien personas queriendo rescatar esa firma que hará especial a ese libro, por siempre (me comentaban que algo similar pasó con Mauricio Redolés; larga fila para alcanzar una firma del poeta y músico popular).

Talquino por error (su madre que sí lo era estaba visitando a la parentela, cuando se puso de parto). Él se reconoce “pampino”, ya que desde los dos meses su mundo fue el desierto, ese en el que si no tienes sentido del humor, estás “frito” porque te baja una depresión por lo agreste que es, que dan ganas de morir.

Sergio Medina, poeta y lujo para Rancagua y la región, acompañó el conversatorio y contó que conoció a Hernán como poeta en la casa del gran Gonzalo Millán. “Tal cual, contestó Hernán, fui poeta y lo sigo siendo, con la diferencia que ahora mis poemas los escribo hacia el lado y no hacia abajo”. Cuenta que, leyendo unos poemas suyos, de repente se percató que eran pequeños cuentos y empezó a “escribirlos hacia el lado” y que así inició su tránsito de la poesía al cuento y de éste a la novela. “Así no más, sin pasar por ningún taller y menos por la universidad, salvo una vez que fui al estadio a ver al Colo, dijo, que pasé por fuera”, entre las risas de los asistentes.

Tal como Kurosawa sentenció en algún momento que “de un buen guión podría resultar una mala película, pero nunca de un mal guion saldría una buena película”, así también Rivera Letelier dijo que “un poeta puede ser un buen novelista, pero nunca un novelista será un buen poeta”.

Hernán Rivera Letelier se siente tan pampino que siguió trabajando en la mina hasta un año luego de haber publicado su primer libro La reina Isabel cantaba rancheras (Planeta, 1994); “allá no teníamos noticias de lo bien que le estaba yendo al libro”. Sólo cuando debió viajar a Santiago por unos trámites en diciembre de 1995, se entera del éxito de su novela y buscando un libro de Cabrera Infante en las principales librerías de la capital, comenzó a darse cuenta, poco a poco, de ello: “buscando en la primera librería que pasé el libro en cuestión, se dio cuenta que los vendedores lo miraban como sospechoso de querer robarse un libro, hasta que uno de ellos le pregunta si él era Hernán Rivera Letelier, a lo que al contestar que sí, todos corrieron con su libro para que se los firmase, enterándose de esta manera que era un hombre público”.

Nos contaba que aquel libro, traducido hoy a más de 23 idiomas, se tardó 4 años en terminarlo, pudiendo haberlo hecho en mucho menos tiempo, pero claro, había que trabajar primero y concentrarse después en un espacio de 16 m2 donde vivía con toda la familia.  Siempre tuvo claro sí, lo que quería; “una novela universal que pudiese leerse en cualquier parte del mundo”. Tan convencido estaba, como cuando con 18 años en Arica, con días sin comer, postuló un poema de amor a un concurso de radio, cuyo primer premio era una cena para dos en un lujoso hotel. “Yo te invitaré a cenar este domingo”, le dijo a su compañero de ruta y así terminó esa historia, cenando en una mesa escondida, por la pinta de atorrantes que llevaban, pues su poema había ganado el concurso de poesía.

Y cuando le preguntamos si nos faltaba esa novela del cobre de nuestra región, nos contestó que no sólo nos faltaba eso, sino que, a Chile, según él “le falta esa gran novela, que está tirada y que ningún escritor la ha recogido; la de Santiago al Sur, la novela del tren y sus ramales… esa es la novela que les falta… Si no se anima nadie, tendré que venir yo a escribirla”

Antes de subir al escenario, y agradeciéndole estos minutos, le preguntamos qué es leer; “leer es vivir dos veces”, nos contestó. Y agregaría que escucharlo y estar a su lado, es la vida misma.

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222 comentarios en “La poesía es colectiva y leer es vivir dos veces”

  1. Tengo que reconocer con vergüenza que, después de 10 años en Chile, varios como poeta-escritora y ya cuatro en esta ciudad como editora, no conocía a Hernán Rivera Letelier, más que de oídas. Fue por Pepe que me animé a ir a verlo y, de paso, disfrutar de la Feria del Libro de Rancagua. Nunca pensé que sería una experiencia tan reveladora, una que puso a Rivera Letelier entre mis despistes más imperdonables y mis descubrimientos más estimulantes del 2022. Lo que tampoco imaginé es que, entre tanto nombre distinguido, mi amigo tendría el detalle de mencionar el mío en esta genial crónica de aquel día. Pepe, su libro se hace de rogar, pero ya te debo, al menos, un prólogo. Gracias y felicidades a los artífices del renacimiento cultural rancagüino.

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