El anuncio del cierre de Ventanas: la política como simulación

En su análisis, Edison nos recuerda la historia de la Huelga del 41% que contribuyó en la caída de Allende y reflexiona sobre las consecuencias del repentino anuncio del cierre de Ventanas: no solo no ha entregado ninguna solución de estado a un conflicto medioambiental que lleva décadas, sino que tampoco hubo dialogo con la dirigencia minera de Codelco, lo que ha gatillado un llamado a huelga general de la minería para esta semana, y donde estamos solo a dos de conocer el texto constitucional definitivo que votaremos en dos meses más. La oposición y los amarillos del rechazo NO pudieron hacerlo mejor.

Edison Ortiz

El domingo 19 de junio el presidente Boric anunció el cierre definitivo de la Fundición Ventanas, protagonista durante el último tiempo de una serie de episodios de contaminación. En la oportunidad, el mandatario señaló que: “Hace algunas horas y luego de un acucioso proceso de estudio y diálogo, el directorio de Codelco ha tomado la decisión de avanzar hacia el cese de las operaciones de la fundición Ventanas”.

Boric reiteró que la decisión se tomó considerando los recurrentes casos de intoxicación en la zona de operación, que han significado tener que decretar cierres de escuelas y alerta de saturación ambiental: “No queremos más zonas de sacrificio, el cuidado del medioambiente es una obligación moral”.

Finalmente, el presidente aseguró que ninguno de los 350 trabajadores que operan en esa división de Codelco quedará sin empleo, señalando que todos serán reubicados en otros sectores de la empresa. A la queja del mundo sindical de Codelco, se sumó la de la titular de minería, Marcela Hernando, quien señaló que no sabía del cierre: “nos habría gustado saber con anticipación y poder iniciar ese diálogo con los trabajadores”.

Además de señalar lo anterior, se puede inferir que Máximo Pacheco, otra vez en el ojo del huracán, tiene línea directa con el presidente en ejercicio. De otra manera, no se entiende el bypass del que fue objeto la ministra Hernando y que la decisión se tomó al estilo milénico. Uno al que debemos irnos acostumbrando: sin presentar un plan de largo plazo, sin haber una interlocución al interior del ejecutivo ni menos un diálogo sostenido con los dirigentes mineros, y donde solo pesó el mensaje hacia el mundo ecologista que lo consume, sin considerar las múltiples aristas del problema.

La simulación como método de hacer política

En Cultura y Simulacro y en La sociedad de Consumo, Jean Baudrillard nos alertó, hace décadas, sobre el mundo que se venía: el de la tv como hiperrealidad que suplanta a la realidad misma, y el mundo del consumo de mensajes a través de los medios cada vez más digitalizados. La generación de milénicos que nos gobierna, y que tan bien representa el presidente en ejercicio, es de ese mundo donde solo importa la cuña, el mensaje en 30 segundos que sus públicos consumirán sin dar cuenta de un proceso sobre la decisión, respecto de una política de Estado y, como ya vemos, que le ha empezado a pasar la cuenta en decisiones que se improvisan. Solo emiten señas, pero que también generan mensajes confusos, cuyo único efecto concreto es que el gobierno, a tres meses de que votemos la nueva Constitución, según varios: “se ha comprado un conflicto gratis que lo único que puede hacer peligrar es el Apruebo.”

No son pocos los que piensan que, si la política fuera racional, como lo fue antes, el presidente Boric tendría: “que ceder, invertir en refinerías de última generación y procesar todo el concentrado de cobre en Chile, (independiente de quien lo produzca)”. Con eso, no necesita reformas tributarias, la plata se va en los subproductos, y en el cobre que se pierde en el proceso al declarar leyes (porcentaje) de explotación que nunca se comprueban.

Amador Pantoja, presidente de la FTC y de uno de los sindicatos de la zonal El teniente, señaló, en entrevista con canal 13, que no solo “es un error”, sino que “una privatización encubierta”. Así, anunció un paro nacional a partir de este miércoles 22 de junio y, de paso, ironizó con el actuar de la ministra de Medioambiente y adjetivó a Marcela Hernando como una: “ministra mentirosa”. ¿Se podría haber hecho peor? Difícil.

La dirigencia Tenientina y su rol en la caída de gobiernos: de la Huelga del 41% al 11 de mayo de 1983

Por estos días, están casi por cumplirse 50 años – 49 para ser exactos – de la famosa Huelga del 41%, que fue clave en la caída de Allende. Una divergente interpretación sobre si correspondía pagar el 41% adicional a los mineros, que ya habían sido objeto del aumento salarial del 100% decretado el año anterior, inició el conflicto que luego adquirió ribetes políticos, extendiéndose hasta fines de junio de 1973. La huelga transformó a Rancagua en un polvorín durante tres meses, lo que hizo colapsar la economía nacional. Además, tuvo que enfrentar a los obreros mineros contra su propio gobierno y cuando culminó, el país quedó listo para el golpe de estado que se ensayaría el 29 de junio, pero que cobraría realidad dos meses después.

Ni hablar, también, del papel de la dirigencia tenientena en el inicio del fin de Pinochet, allá por el 11 de mayo de 1983, cuando, contra todo pronóstico político, inspirados por los dirigentes Rodolfo Seguel, Eugenio López, Hernán Garrido, Manuel Rodriguez, entre otros, hacen la convocatoria a paro, que luego se transforma en un llamado a protesta y que significó el fin del inicio del régimen de Pinochet. En su libro, El Rebelde, Seguel dirá que: “Pero la verdad es que pocos, en la clase política, creían en nosotros. Gabriel Valdés me decía ‘¿estás seguro de lo que estás haciendo? Ay muchacho, ay muchacho’, era su frase preferida”.

Como lo relatamos en el libro 50 años de la Nacionalización del cobre, aquel 11 de mayo: “cuando llegó la noche, a las 20 horas en punto, estalló el cacerolazo que no solo se hizo sentir en la capital sino también en Rancagua y diversas ciudades del país. En la zona no solo paralizó el cobre, sino que hubo bastante ausentismo escolar y por la noche las marchas y barricadas se concentraron en la periferia urbana. Desde avenida República con Victoria salió una larga marcha que arrasó con todo lo que encontró a su paso y que solo fue detenida en la Alameda, mientras en obispo Larraín con la carretera 5 sur se enfrentaban pobladores con miembros de la CNI y carabineros”.

El recuento en Santiago fue feroz: dos personas murieron baleadas en La Victoria y en Lo Plaza, y hubo más de seiscientos detenidos en el país. Como sería costumbre, en las zonas periféricas, las protestas se extendieron hasta la madrugada. Un testigo ocular hizo el siguiente resumen: “A la hora señalada, creo que eran las 8, Santiago enteró estalló, los barrios se apagaban uno tras otro a medida que ‘cadeneaban’ los transformadores, se encendían miles de barricadas y el humo y hedor de los neumáticos quemados se extendía por sobre la ciudad en un espectáculo dantesco, mientras el caceroleó era ensordecedor y se intercalaba con las ráfagas de ametralladoras que disparaban desde los regimientos y retenes”.

Si bien ya no existe la Confederación de Trabajadores del Cobre (CTC), que agrupó a los antiguos dirigentes del cobre como Orlando Moraga, Hernán Castillo, Héctor Olivares y otros, sí está hoy su heredera, la Federación de Trabajadores del Cobre (FCT), presidida por un conocido rancagüino, dirigente tenientino y heredero de una ilustre familia sindical, entre cuyos miembros se cuenta su hermano, Sergio Pantoja, por largo tiempo detenido desaparecido y fusilado por sicarios de Pinochet.

Epílogo: Boric ha enlistado en la oposición al Apruebo a un “adversario poderoso”   

El método milénico del mero interés por el “consumo de mensajes”, de parte de las audiencias que fueron claves en su elección como presidente, le ha jugado una nueva mala pasada al mandatario en ejercicio. No solo no ha entregado ninguna solución de estado a un conflicto medioambiental que lleva décadas, sino que tampoco se observó un dialogo con la dirigencia minera de Codelco, quienes, al igual que la ministra de minería, parece que se enteraron por la prensa de la decisión de cerrar Ventanas, lo que ha gatillado un llamado a huelga general de la minería para esta semana, y donde estamos solo a dos de conocer el texto constitucional definitivo que votaremos en dos meses más. La oposición y los amarillos del rechazo NO pudieron hacerlo mejor.

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1.184 comentarios en “El anuncio del cierre de Ventanas: la política como simulación”

  1. Creo que es un comentario sesgado por la edad de los que nos gobiernan. Mas allá de la cronología de los sindicatos mineros, hoy sabemos que ese rubro goza de bastantes privilegios y obviamente en las regiones mineras habrá defensa de ellos. Sólo pienso en la salud de las personas de Ventanas, alrededores y otras de este país, y que ojalá algún día no esté cerca nuestro ese destino macabro de vivir atemorizado por la contaminación

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